CTLA-4	cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
PD-1	programmed death-1
PD-L1	PD-1 ligand
PCa	prostate cancer
TME	tumor microenvironment
BiTE	bispecific T cell engager
CAR-T cells	chimeric antigen receptor T cells
TMИ	tumor mutational burden
MHC	major histocompatibility complex
CTL	cytotoxic T lymphocytes
TILs	tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
DDR	DNA damage repair
MMR	mismatch repair
MSI	microsatellite instability
HRR	homologous recombination repair
Treg	regulatory T cells
AVPC	aggressive variant of prostate cancer
MDSCs	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
AK	androgen receptor
ADT	androgen-deprivation therapy
TAM	tumor-associated macrophages
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
MSCs	mesenchymal stromal cells
CAFs	cancer-associated fibroblasts
EMT	epithelial–mesenchymal transition
PAP	prostatic acid phosphatase
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
DAMP	danger-associated molecular pattern
TAA	tumor-associated antigens
PSA	prostate-specific antigen
PSMA	prostate-specific membrane antigen
PSCA	prostate stem cell antigen
APC	antigen-presenting cell
DC	dendritic cell
OS	overall survival
mCRPC	metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
PBMCs	peripheral blood mononuclear cells
mHNPC	metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer
PPV	personalized peptide vaccination
PFS	progression-free survival
CI	immune checkpoint inhibitor
ORR	overall response rate
SD	stable disease
DCR	disease control rate
PR	partial response
HRD	homologous recombination deficiency
TRAE	Treatment-related adverse events