| CST | core stability training |
| CLBP | chronic low back pain |
| PNE/MCE | pain neuroscience education/motor control exercise |
| LBP | low back pain |
| GE | group-based exercise |
| VAS | Visual Analog Scale |
| RMDQ | Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire |
| TUG | Timed Up and Go |
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