Table 1.

Health hazards to the respiratory system of PM_2.5.

Adverse Health Effects		Reference Number
Short-term exposure (hours to days)
Asthma attacks	Increased risk of hospital visits	[14,15,16]
COPD	Increased risk of hospital visits,	[16]
	Increased the relative risk of acute exacerbations	[17]
Long-term exposure (month to years)
Lung function development	Suppression of lung function development in children	[18]
Lung cancer	Increased the development and mortality of lung cancer	[20,21,22]
SARS-CoV-2 associated events	Increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory distress, respiratory failure, and mortality	[27,28,29,30,31,32]

SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.