Figure 2.

Gross appearance of the femoral cartilages. (A) The appearance of the cartilages after bilateral 3D-printed matrix implantation procedure performed on 12 male beagle dogs. The circle indicates a defect area with a diameter of 6 mm in each group. (B) The appearance of the ingrowth tissue at 20 weeks in LCCM/MA-ECM group was distinctly different than the control group, having a glistening white solid appearance similar to the surrounding normal cartilage. Lamellar structures can be seen in the new tissue, and there is good incorporation of the tissue at the margins of the defect. Consolidation of the islands of tissue appears to continue. The few areas of red are subsurface and represent area of higher translucency, revealing the subchondral tissue.