Table 8.
DAMPs in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
| Disease | DAMPs | Type | Origin | Localization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PVR/RRD
|
LIF [130] | Peptide | Cytoplasmic | Pre-retinal membrane |
| S100 [228,229] | Ca2+ binding protein | Cytoplasmic | Epiretinal membrane/subretinal fluid | |
| HMGB1 [230] | Nuclear binding protein | Nuclear | Vitreous | |
| HSP47, HSP70 [231,232] | Molecular chaperones | Cytoplasmic | RPE/inner segments | |
| ATP [233] | Nucleotide | Cytoplasmic | Vitreous/subretinal fluid | |
| Histone-H3 [234] | Nuclear binding protein | Nuclear | Vitreous/ detached retina | |
| IL-1α [235] | Cytokine | Cytoplasmic | Subretinal fluid | |
| IL-33 [236] | Cytokine | Cytoplasmic | Müller glia | |
| Syndecan-1 [237] | Proteoglycan | Plasma membrane | Vitreous/subretinal fluid | |
| Biglycan [238] | Proteoglycan | ECM | Retina | |
| Decorin [239,240] | Proteoglycan | ECM | Vitreous/epiretinal membrane | |
| Tenascin-C [240,241] | Glycoprotein | ECM | Vitreous/epiretinal membrane | |
| Fibrinogen [242] | Glycoprotein | ECM | Plasma |