Table 11.
DAMPs as therapeutic targets.
| Retinal Disorders | Drug | DAMPs | Action | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uveitis | HMGB1 Ab Glycyrrhizin |
HMGB1 | Inhibition of IRBP-specific T cell proliferation | [31] |
| Glaucoma | Brilliant Blue G and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid | ATP | Antagonists of the P2X7R | [280] |
| Ocular cancer | Ansamycins | HSP90 | G1 Arrest | [281] |
| miR34A and miR-22 | HMGB1 | Act on autophagy, migration, and invasion of RB cells | [277,278] | |
| Ischemic retinopathies |
Cyclosporin A | TFAM | Preserves TFAM | [113] |
| Coenzyme Q10 | TFAM | Preserves TFAM | [282] | |
| Brimonidine | TFAM | Preserves TFAM | [114] | |
| Diabetic retinopathy |
Tasquinimod Glycyrrhizin |
S100 HMGB1 |
Inhibits angiogenesis via TSP-1, VEGF, ICAM-1 and ERK1/2 Acts on HMGB1 via SIRT1 and provides neurovascular protection |
[276,283] |
| AMD | Geldanamycin | HSP90 | Inhibits VEGF and HIFα | [284] |
| PVR/RRD | Anti-histone Antibodies |
Histone | Reduced retinal damage | [234] |
| Geranylgeranylacetone | HSP70 | Activation of Akt pathway | [232] |