Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression for patients’ survival.
| OS | PFS | RFS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR a (95% CI) | p | HR a (95% CI) | p | HR a (95% CI) | p |
| Univariate analysis | ||||||
| EA vs. RNU | 1.79 (0.35–9.13) | 0.486 | 1.09 (0.60–1.98) | 0.768 | 0.49 (0.25–0.97) | 0.042 |
| Age (per 5 years) | 1.42 (0.92–2.20) | 0.112 | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0.037 | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) | 0.237 |
| Male vs. Female | 0.61 (0.11–3.38) | 0.568 | 2.23 (1.24–4.03) | 0.008 | 1.61 (0.84–3.07) | 0.151 |
| Tumor grade (High vs. Low) | 2.24 (0.27–18.4) | 0.452 | 1.86 (0.99–3.49) | 0.053 | 1.54 (0.78–3.02) | 0.211 |
| cT1 vs. cTa | 3.53 (0.65–19.1) | 0.143 | 1.47 (0.78–2.75) | 0.230 | 1.40 (0.69–2.80) | 0.350 |
| Previous/Conc. UC (Yes vs. No) | 0.43 (0.05–3.51) | 0.432 | 1.49 (0.81–2.74) | 0.203 | 1.08 (0.53–2.22) | 0.825 |
| Tumor Size (≥3 vs. 3 cm) | 0.17 (0.01–3.75) | 0.259 b | 0.49 (0.25–0.95) | 0.034 | 0.52 (0.26–1.07) | 0.075 |
| Tumor location | ||||||
| (RP c/w Ureter vs. Ureter alone) | 1.84 (0.31–11.1) | 0.505 | 1.67 (0.92–3.02) | 0.090 | 1.66 (0.87–3.17) | 0.128 |
| Hydronephrosis (Yes vs. No) | 0.21 (0.03–1.68) | 0.139 | 0.91 (0.51–1.65) | 0.763 | 0.96 (0.50–1.84) | 0.897 |
| Adjuvant IVCT (Yes vs. No) | 0.79 (0.03–18.4) | 0.883 b | 3.40 (1.43–8.10) | 0.006 | 2.09 (0.78–5.56) | 0.142 |
| CIS (Yes vs. No) | 0.42 (0.02–9.64) | 0.586 b | 1.44 (0.62–3.31) | 0.395 | 2.07 (0.88–4.84) | 0.095 |
| Multifocal (Yes vs. No) | 0.24 (0.01–6.14) | 0.386 b | 2.21 (0.91–5.37) | 0.080 | 4.17 (1.32–13.2) | 0.015 |
| Multivariate analysis | ||||||
| EA vs. RNU | 0.82 (0.38–1.75) | 0.607 | ||||
| Age (per 5 years) | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 0.188 | ||||
| Male vs. Female | 2.30 (1.21–4.40) | 0.012 | ||||
| Tumor Size (≥3 vs. <3 cm) | 0.36 (0.16–0.83) | 0.016 | ||||
| Adjuvant IVCT (Yes vs. No) | 4.08 (1.43–11.7) | 0.009 | ||||
| Multifocal (Yes vs. No) | 3.62 (1.01–13.0) | 0.049 | ||||
EA, endoscopic ablation; RNU, radical nephroureterectomy; Conc., concomitant; UC, urothelial carcinoma; c/w, with/without; IVCT, intravesical chemotherapy; CIS, carcinoma in situ; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. a Weighted by inverse probability of treatment weights method. b Firth regression; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; RFS, recurrence-free survival.