Table 2.
Clinical trials using Nrf2 activators in metabolic/inflammatory diseases.
| Compound Name [Mechanism] |
Disease Target | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier | Status | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic compounds | ||||
| Bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me, BARD, RTA-402) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Obesity | NCT04018339 | Completed | I |
| Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome) | NCT03019185 | Completed | II/III | |
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) | NCT03918447 | Recruiting | III | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | NCT03068130 | Terminated | III | |
| Connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension | NCT02657356 | Terminated | III | |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) | NCT04494646 | Completed | II/III | |
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | NCT03366337 | Completed | II | |
| Diabetic kidney disease | NCT00811889 | Completed | II | |
| NCT00550849 | Terminated | I/II | ||
| NCT00664027 | Completed | II | ||
| NCT03550443 | Active, not recruiting | III | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | NCT02316821 | Completed | II | |
| NCT01053936 | Completed | II | ||
| NCT01053936 | Completed | II | ||
| CKD associated with type 1 diabetes | NCT03366337 | Completed | II | |
| CKD associated with type 2 diabetes | NCT01351675 | Terminated | III | |
| Chronic kidney disease | NCT04702997 | Active, not recruiting | II | |
| Dimethyl fumarate (Brand name Tecifidera®) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Pediatric multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting | NCT03870763 | Recruiting | III |
| Multiple sclerosis | NCT02097849 | Completed | II | |
| Ischemic stroke | NCT04891497 | Not yet recruiting | II | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | NCT02438137 | Completed | II | |
| Pulmonary hypertension Scleroderma |
NCT02981082 | Terminated | I | |
| Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) | NCT04292080 | Not yet recruiting | II | |
| Psoriatic arthritis | NCT02475304 | Withdrawn | II | |
| Oltipraz (CB-1400) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | NCT04142749 | Recruiting | II/III |
| Omaveloxolone [Electrophilic compunds] |
Friedreich’s ataxia | NCT02255435 | Active, not recruiting | II/III |
| Mitochondrial myopathy | NCT02255422 | Completed | II | |
| Cataracts | NCT02128113 | Completed | II | |
| Ocular inflammation | NCT02065375 | Completed | II | |
| Liver cirrhosis, liver failure | NCT03902002 | Completed | I | |
| Ursodiol (Ursodeoxycholic acid, brand names Actigall® or Urso®) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Parkinson’s disease | NCT03840005 | Completed | II |
| Ulcerative colitis | NCT03724175 | Recruiting | II/III | |
| Type 2 diabetes | NCT02033876 | Completed | II | |
| Hepatic steatosis | NCT03664596 | Completed | II | |
| Retinopathy | NCT02841306 | Completed | I | |
| Dimethyl curcumin (AJ-101, ASC-J9) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Acne vulgaris | NCT00525499 | Completed | II |
| Inflammatory acne | NCT01289574 | Completed | II | |
| AJ-201 (ALZ-002, ASC-JM-17) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy | NCT04392830 | Completed | I |
| Natural compounds | ||||
| Sulforaphane (SFN) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Type 2 diabetes | NCT02801448 | Completed | II |
| Cognitive disorders | NCT04252261 | Not yet recruiting | II | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | NCT01318603 | Completed | II | |
| Asthma | NCT00994604 | Completed | NA | |
| Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophrenia | NCT02810964 | Completed | II | |
| Autism spectrum disorders | NCT02654743 | Completed | II | |
| Sulforadex (SFX-01) [Electrophilic compunds] |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | NCT02614742 | Completed | II |
| Curcumin [Electrophilic compunds] |
Prediabetes | NCT03917784 | Unknown | IV |
| Diabetic nephropathy | NCT03262363 | Unknown | II/III | |
| Type 2 diabetes | NCT02529969 | Unknown | II/III | |
| NCT01052597 | Unknown | IV | ||
| NCT01052025 | Unknown | IV | ||
| Resveratrol [Electrophilic compunds] |
Diabetic nephropathy | NCT02704494 | Completed | I |
| Gestational diabetes | NCT01997762 | Unknown | IV | |
| Type 2 diabetes | NCT01677611 | Completed | I | |
| NCT01158417 | Unknown | II/III | ||
| NCT02244879 | Completed | III | ||
| NCT02216552 | Completed | II/III | ||
| NCT01354977 | Completed | II | ||
| Quercetin [Electrophilic compunds] |
Type 2 diabetes | NCT00065676 | Completed | II |
| NCT01839344 | Completed | II | ||