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. 2022 Mar 2;23(5):2746. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052746

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Structural differences between the two splicing isoforms of XBP1. (A) The difference between the nucleic acid sequences of XBP1-u and XBP1-s. The spliced sequences are shown in red. (B) The difference between the amino acid sequences of XBP1-u and XBP1-s. The C-termini of these two isoforms consist of totally different amino acid sequences due to the frameshift caused by splicing at +541 to +566 of XBP1-u mRNA. NLS: nuclear localization sequence; NES: nuclear export sequence. (C) The three main cis-acting elements recognized by XBP1-s are shown. The core binding sequences are shown in red. ERSE: endoplasmic reticulum stress response element; ERSE-II: endoplasmic reticulum stress response element II; UPRE: unfolded protein response element.