Table 4.
Biological functions of XBP1-u.
| Related Functions | Target | Pathway | Modification | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autophagy | FoxO1 | XBP1-u/FoxO1 | Ubiquitination | [9] |
| Redox homeostasis | Akt1 | HDAC3/Akt1/Nrf2 | Phosphorylation | [10] |
| Cell cycle regulation | P53 | MDM2/p53/p21 | Ubiquitination | [11] |
| Vascular homeostasis | FoxO4 | FoxO4/myocardin | n/a | [12] |
| Vascular calcification | β-catenin | β-catenin/Runx2/Msx2 | Ubiquitination | [13] |
| ER homeostasis | XBP1-s | IRE1α/XBP1 | n/a | [14] |
| Anti-viral defense | MIEP | IRE1α/XBP1 | n/a | [99] |
Abbreviations: MIEP: major immediate-early promoter; n/a: not available.