Table 1.

Ongoing Randomized Trials of VA-ECMO in AMI-CS.

	ECLS-SHOCK	EURO-SHOCK	ANCHOR
Identifier	NCT03637205	NCT03813134	NCT04184635
Sample Size	420 patients	428 patients	400 patients
First Patient in	June 2019	January 2020	October 2021
Patient enrolment as of January 2022	300	33	<10
Main Inclusion Criteria	Infarct-related CS (STEMI or NSTEMI) < 12 h Arterial lactate > 3 mmol/L Planned revascularization Age: 18–80 years In case of prior CPR: duration < 45 min	Infarct-related CS (STEMI or NSTEMI) Presentation ≤ 24 h after ACS symptom onset Persistence of CGS 30 min after revascularization attempt of culprit coronary artery Arterial lactate > 2 mmol/L Age: 18–90 years	Infarct-related CS (STEMI or NSTEMI) < 24 h) PCI performed or planned in the following 60 min Age >18 years In case of prior CPR: duration < 30 min
Treatment Arms	Optimal medical therapy vs. VA-ECMO plus optimal medical therapy	Optimal medical therapy vs. Early VA-ECMO plus optimal medical therapy	Optimal medical therapy vs. Early VA-ECMO and IABP plus optimal medical therapy
Primary Outcome	All-cause 30-day mortality	All-cause 30-day mortality	Treatment failure at day 30 (death in the ECMO group and death or rescue ECMO in the control group)
Special Characteristics	VA-ECMO arm: VA-ECMO insertion preferably prior PCI Non-VA-ECMO arm: Use of other mechanical circulatory support than VA-ECMO possible in case of defined escalation criteria	VA-ECMO arm: VA-ECMO insertion 30 min until 6 h after PCI Non-VA-ECMO arm: IABP insertion not permitted	VA-ECMO arm: VA-ECMO insertion as soon as possible Non-VA-ECMO arm: Use of IABP not recommended, other mechanical circulatory support devices not permitted

IABP = intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation; (N)STEMI = (non-)ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; VA-ECMO = veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.