Table 2.
Differences of diaphragm ultrasound imaging between the ALS and SMA subcohorts.
| Parameter | Outcome | ALS (n = 40) | SMA (n = 23) | p-Value § | Multiple Linear Regression Analysis # | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Correlation Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | |||||
| Diaphragm thickness insp. right | median (IQR) | 2.8 (2.2–3.8) | 2.8 (2.3–3.8) | 0.881 | 0.066 (–0.901–1.033) |
0.892 |
| Diaphragm thickness insp. left | median (IQR) | 2.7 (2.4–4.5) | 3.2 (2.8–3.5) | 0.245 | 0.573 (–0.528–1.674) |
0.301 |
| Diaphragm thickening ratio right | median (IQR) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 0.006 | 0.099 (–0.097–0.294) |
0.317 |
| Diaphragm thickening ratio left | median (IQR) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 0.080 | 0.129 (–0.171–0.428) |
0.393 |
| Diaphragm thickening fraction right | median (IQR) | 15.9 (5.5–26.5) | 31.8 (17.6–45) | 0.006 | 10.006 (–9.698–29.710) |
0.313 |
| Diaphragm thickening fraction left | median (IQR) | 19 (10.0–37.5) | 30.7 (20.2–48.8) | 0.080 | 12.856 (–17.135–42.846) |
0.393 |
| Diaphragm excursion right | median (IQR) | 8.1 (5.1–12.2) | 13.5 (8.0–20.0) | 0.002 | 5.138 (–0.778–11.054) |
0.087 |
| Diaphragm excursion left | median (IQR) | 10.0 (6.3–12.0) | 11.8 (8.6–15.8) | 0.057 | 7.040 (1.458–12.621) |
0.015 |
Depicted are median (IQR) values of diaphragm ultrasound parameters in both ALS and SMA. § p Values are from the Mann-Whitney-U test (numeric variables). # Multivariate linear regression (for continuous outcome variables) analyses were performed to adjust for the candidate covariates sex, age, and BMI. The reported correlation coefficient (B, 95% CI) > 0 indicates the magnitude of the positive correlation of the disease entity (ALS vs. SMA) on the respective diaphragm parameter after adjustment for sex, age, and BMI. Bold indicates p values < 0.05.