Table 2.
P-SH and S-thiolated proteins in the plasma or serum of ESRD patients on HD. All of the data are expressed as means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. Data regarding S-thiolated proteins are in the grey cells. (b) Median with interquartile range in parentheses; (c) median with the 25–75th percentile in parentheses. HbSSCy, cysteinylated haemoglobin; HbSSG, S-glutathionylated haemoglobin; PTI, protein thiolation index.
| Concentration | Albumin Concentration g/dL |
Additional Information | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD Patients | Control Group | HD Patients | Control Group | ||
| 178 ± 18 μM (n = 10) *** | 279 ± 12 μM (n = 10) | - | - | - | [77] |
| normoalbuminemic patients 299.28 ± 8.64 μM (n = 18) *** hypoalbuminemic patients 229.00 ± 9.43 μM (n = 18) *** |
428.39 ± 8.61 μM (n = 18) |
normoalbuminemic patients 4.2 ± 0.02 hypoalbuminemic patients 2.9 ± 0.03 |
- | - | [97] |
| 174.9 ± 10.5 μg/L (n = 32) *** | 286.4 ± 21.8 μg/L (n = 20) |
albumin significantly lower in CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) |
- | Dialysis vintage 16 ± 4 months Analyses performed in serum |
[78] |
| 280 ± 11 μM (n = 28) |
416 ± 6 μM (n = 49) |
3.78 ± 0.6 | - | - | [98] |
| 170.79 ± 12.31 μM (n = 22) *** |
286.4 ± 21.8 μM (n = 20) |
- | - | Dialysis vintage 16 ± 4 months Analyses performed in serum |
[99] |
| 164.12 ± 13.54 μM (n = 48) ** |
342.34 ± 43.43 μM (n = 41) |
2.8 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | Dialysis vintage 16 ± 4 months Analyses performed in serum |
[80] |
|
Figure 3 (n = §) *** |
Figure 3 (n = 24) |
- | - | - | [100] |
| 3.72 ± 0.66 μmol/g protein (n = 20) *** |
4.73 ± 0.71 μmol/g protein (n = 20) | 7.37 ± 0.49 (a) | 7.61 ± 0.386 | Dialysis vintage 4.4 ± 1.9 months | [101] |
| 36.0 ± 6.03% (n = 22) |
64.6 ± 0.4% (n = 11) |
- | - | Dialysis vintage 1–9 years | [102] |
| 29.7 ± 0.5% | 29.7 ± 0.5% | S-cysteinylated albumin | |||
| 40.4 ± 8.7% (n = 20) ** |
53.6 ± 6.4% (n = 10) |
- | - | Dialysis vintage 1–10 years | [103] |
| 49.7 ± 8.0%) ** | 38.7 ± 6.3% | - | - | S-cysteinylated albumin | |
| 825.53 ± 121.08 *** pmol/mg (n = 28) |
139.52 ± 15.43 pmol/mg (n = 14) |
- | - | Dialysis vintage > 6 months S-homocysteinylated proteins |
[104] |
| mean 0.76 (min–max 0.61–0.88) (b) (n = 71) *** |
mean0.43 (min–max 0.40–0.54) (b) (n = 24) |
3.49 ± 0.38 | 4.23 ± 0.31 | PTI | [105] |
| 19.3 ± 4.80 pmol/mg Hb (n = 33) *** |
13.2 ± 2.79 pmol/mg (n = 21) |
HbSSG | [66] | ||
| 11.5 (9.6–17.2) pmol/mg Hb (c) *** | 38.3 (29.0–63.3) pmol/mg Hb (c) | HbSSCy | [66] | ||
*** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01. (a) Total plasma protein. § The patients were divided into four groups according to the HD duration: group 1, 0–2 years of treatment (n = 31); group 2, 3–5 years of treatment (n = 40); group 3, 6–8 years of treatment (n = 27); group 4, 9–11 years of treatment (n = 13). There was no significant difference in the mean age between the groups. The plasma –SH levels were significantly lower in all of the patient groups than in controls (all groups p < 0.001).