Table 2.
Predictors of ischaemic stroke during follow-up in AF patients.
| Univariate Analysis HR, 95%CI |
p | Multivariable Analysis HR, 95%CI |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 1.038 (1.038–1.039) | <0.0001 | 1.034 (1.033–1.035) | <0.0001 |
| Sex (male) | 0.721 (0.712–0.729) | <0.0001 | 0.863 (0.853–0.875) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 1.279 (1.263–1.295) | <0.0001 | 1.052 (1.038–1.066) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.148 (1.132–1.164) | <0.0001 | 1.185 (1.168–1.202) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure with congestion | 1.095 (1.081–1.110) | <0.0001 | 1.053 (1.037–1.068) | <0.0001 |
| History of pulmonary oedema | 0.987 (0.944–1.033) | 0.57 | 1.002 (0.957–1.050) | 0.92 |
| Mitral regurgitation | 0.984 (0.959–1.010) | 0.22 | 0.973 (0.947–0.999) | 0.05 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 0.999 (0.961–1.038) | 0.97 | 0.975 (0.937–1.015) | 0.22 |
| Aortic stenosis | 1.060 (1.034–1.087) | <0.0001 | 1.009 (0.983–1.035) | 0.50 |
| Previous endocarditis | 1.388 (1.279–1.506) | <0.0001 | 1.402 (1.290–1.522) | <0.0001 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 0.940 (0.918–0.963) | <0.0001 | 1.053 (1.027–1.079) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.013 (0.999–1.027) | 0.07 | 0.998 (0.981–1.015) | 0.78 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1.122 (1.091–1.155) | <0.0001 | 1.029 (0.994–1.064) | 0.11 |
| Previous PCI | 0.949 (0.918–0.980) | 0.002 | 0.969 (0.934–1.005) | 0.09 |
| Previous CABG | 0.914 (0.884–0.946) | <0.0001 | 0.956 (0.923–0.992) | 0.02 |
| Vascular disease | 1.249 (1.230–1.267) | <0.0001 | 1.167 (1.146–1.188) | <0.0001 |
| Previous pacemaker or ICD | 1.012 (0.980–1.045) | 0.47 | 0.915 (0.886–0.945) | <0.0001 |
| Previous ischaemic stroke | 5.207 (5.133–5.282) | <0.0001 | 4.681 (4.612–4.750) | <0.0001 |
| Previous intracranial bleeding | 2.588 (2.507–2.672) | <0.0001 | 1.719 (1.664–1.775) | <0.0001 |
| Smoker | 0.839 (0.817–0.861) | <0.0001 | 1.137 (1.105–1.170) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.022 (1.008–1.037) | 0.002 | 0.928 (0.914–0.942) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 0.765 (0.751–0.780) | <0.0001 | 0.875 (0.858–0.893) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol related diagnoses | 0.957 (0.930–0.985) | 0.003 | 1.244 (1.205–1.283) | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal renal function | 1.167 (1.138–1.197) | <0.0001 | 1.021 (0.995–1.048) | 0.12 |
| Lung disease | 0.920 (0.904–0.936) | <0.0001 | 0.979 (0.956–1.003) | 0.09 |
| Sleep apnoea syndrome | 0.718 (0.697–0.740) | <0.0001 | 0.908 (0.879–0.936) | <0.0001 |
| COPD | 0.789 (0.771–0.808) | <0.0001 | 0.853 (0.826–0.882) | <0.0001 |
| Liver disease | 0.893 (0.860–0.927) | <0.0001 | 0.991 (0.952–1.030) | 0.64 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 1.114 (1.061–1.169) | <0.0001 | 1.133 (1.080–1.189) | <0.0001 |
| History of hypothyroidism | 1.050 (1.026–1.074) | <0.0001 | 0.939 (0.918–0.962) | <0.0001 |
| Inflammatory disease | 1.070 (1.043–1.098) | <0.0001 | 0.979 (0.954–1.005) | 0.11 |
| Anaemia | 1.146 (1.127–1.165) | <0.0001 | 1.078 (1.059–1.096) | <0.0001 |
| Previous cancer | 0.905 (0.888–0.922) | <0.0001 | 0.941 (0.923–0.958) | <0.0001 |
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR: hazard ratio; MI: myocardial infarction; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.