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. 2022 Feb 28;23(5):2709. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052709

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Tlr3 is required for poly(I:C)-induced Tg2 activation in MDFs. (A–D) Wild-type and Tlr3^−/− MDFs were treated with 20 µg/mL of poly(I:C) for 9 h. Intracellular TG activity was measured using biotinylated pentylamine (BP) incorporation assay ((A), n = 3). mRNA level of Tgm2 and protein level of Tg2 were measured using qRT-PCR ((B), n = 3) and western blotting (C), respectively. The ratio of Tg2 to Actin was estimated by densitometric analysis of Western blot (C, right). mRNA level of Tlr3 were measured using qRT-PCR (D). All data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was tested by two-way ANOVA by Turkey’s post-test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.