Table 1.
Long non-coding RNAs and their function in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury.
| LncRNA | Expression | Functional Role | Molecular Targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRF | Up-regulated | Necrotic cardiomyocyte death | RIPK1/RIPK3, miR-873 | [3,38,39] |
| APF | Up-regulated | miR-188-3p suppression (adaptive cell autophagy) | miR-188-3p, ATG7 | [3,39,40,41] |
| CAIF | Up-regulated | Cardiacautophagy suppression | P53, LC3-II | [3,39,42,43] |
| LIPCAR | Up-regulated | MI biomarker and prognostic tool | Mitochondria | [3,44,45,46] |
| BACE1-AS | Up-regulated | Toxic beta-amyloid accumulation in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells | BACE1 | [39,47] |
| CARL | Up-regulated | Mitochondrial apoptosis and fission | miR-539, PHB2 | [39,48] |
| HOTAIR | Down-regulated | Myocardial apoptosis IM biomarker |
miR-1, miR-19, miR-519d-3p |
[3,49,50,51] |
| ZFAS1 | Up-regulated | Myocardial cell death | miR-150; CRP; SERCA2a | [52,53,54,55] |
| ROR | Up-regulated | Myocardial apoptosis | MAPK | [52,56] |
| KCNQ1OT1 | Up-regulated | Myocardial apoptosis | NF-kB | [52,57] |
| HULC | Down-regulated | Apoptosis, inflammation | miR-377-5p | [58] |
Abbreviations: APF—autophagy promoting factor; ATG7—autophagy-related protein 7; BACE1—beta-secretase-1; BACE1-AS—antisense transcript of beta-secretase-1; CAIF—cardiac autophagy inhibitory factor; CARL—cardiac apoptosis-related lncRNA; CRP—C-reactive protein; HOTAIR—homeobox antisense intergenic RNA; HULC—highly up-regulated in liver cancer; KCNQ1OT1—KQT-like subfamily, member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1; LC3-II—microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3; LIPCAR—long intergenic non-coding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling; MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-kB—nuclear factor kB; NRF—necrosis-related factor; PHB2—prohibitin 2; RIPK1/RIPK3—receptor-interacting protein kinases; ROR—regulator of reprogramming; SERCA2a—sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a; ZFAS1—zinc finger antisense 1.