. 2022 Mar 2;11(5):1377. doi: 10.3390/jcm11051377

Table 2.

Characteristics of the intense pulsed light (IPL)-meibomian gland expression (MGX) and control groups before and after treatment.

Characteristic	Group	BL		9 Weeks after Treatment Onset			12 Weeks after Treatment Onset			15 Weeks after Treatment Onset
		Mean ± SD	p-Value for	Mean ± SD	p-Value vs.	p-Value for	Mean ± SD	p-Value vs.	p-Value for	Mean ± SD	p-Value vs.	p-Value for
		Mean ± SD	IPL-MGX vs. Control	Mean ± SD	BL	IPL-MGX vs. Control	Mean ± SD	BL	IPL-MGX vs. Control	Mean ± SD	BL	IPL-MGX vs. Control
BCVA (logMAR)	IPL-MGX group	0.31 ± 0.29	0.625	0.15 ± 0.17	0.001	0.352	0.15 ± 0.17	<0.001	0.341	0.16 ± 0.18	<0.001	0.352
BCVA (logMAR)	control	0.31 ± 0.37	0.625	0.30 ± 0.36	0.109	0.352	0.31 ± 0.37	0.581	0.341	0.31 ± 0.38	1.000	0.352
OSDI (0–100)	IPL-MGX group	77.20 ± 15.18	0.934	48.34 ± 18.70	<0.001	<0.001	41.57 ± 17.14	<0.001	<0.001	44.42 ± 15.44	<0.001	<0.001
OSDI (0–100)	Control	76.68 ± 16.39	0.934	72.07 ± 18.70	0.002	<0.001	72.53 ± 16.31	0.028	<0.001	70.74 ± 16.80	0.002	<0.001
Conjunctival congestion	IPL-MGX group	1.82 ± 0.77	0.831	1.65 ± 0.58	0.074	0.606	1.55 ± 0.56	0.005	0.163	1.53 ± 0.58	0.002	0.227
Conjunctival congestion	Control	1.80 ± 0.66	0.831	1.75 ± 0.64	0.087	0.606	1.80 ± 0.67	0.885	0.163	1.75 ± 0.62	0.091	0.227
TMH (mm)	IPL-MGX group	0.13 ± 0.04	0.453	0.14 ± 0. 04	0.253	0.869	0.16 ± 0.04	0.013	0.453	0.15 ± 0.03	0.037	0.837
TMH (mm)	Control	0.14 ± 0.04	0.453	0.14 ± 0.04	0.445	0.869	0.15 ± 0.04	0.005	0.453	0.15 ± 0.04	<0.001	0.837
SIT (mm/5min)	IPL-MGX group	3.42 ± 2.80	0.929	4.27 ± 2.99	0.248	0.337	3.85 ± 1.74	0.201	0.798	4.62 ± 2.45	0.024	0.306
SIT (mm/5min)	Control	3.62 ± 3.00	0.929	3.75 ± 3.34	0.718	0.337	4.20 ± 3.37	0.054	0.798	4.08 ± 3.27	0.069	0.306
NBUT (s)	IPL-MGX group	2.23 ± 2.59	0.800	4.15 ± 3.58	0.001	0.551	4.82 ± 3.17	<0.001	0.009	5.08 ± 2.433	<0.001	0.006
NBUT (s)	Control	2.24 ± 2.48	0.800	2.94 ± 3.01	0.001	0.551	2.76 ± 2.26	0.019	0.009	2.92 ± 2.45	0.007	0.006
Corneal fluorescence staining (0–15)	IPL-MGX group	9.00 ± 5.49	0.822	7.27 ± 5.13	0.001	0.399	4.65 ± 3.83	<0.001	0.001	4.08 ± 3.72	<0.001	0.001
Corneal fluorescence staining (0–15)	Control	9.54 ± 4.41	0.822	8.67 ± 4.57	0.002	0.399	8.75 ± 4.57	0.003	0.001	8.54 ± 4.46	0.003	0.001
MG dropouts (0–3)	IPL-MGX group	1.58 ± 1.24	0.502	1.46 ± 1.217	0.257	0.283	1.46 ± 1.17	0.257	0.283	1.46 ± 1.17	0.257	0.283
MG dropouts (0–3)	control	1.79 ± 1.10	0.502	1.79 ± 1.10	1.000	0.283	1.79 ± 1.10	1.000	0.283	1.79 ± 1.1	1.000	0.283
Lid margin abnormality (0–4)	IPL-MGX group	2.73 ± 1.34	0.968	1.96 ± 0.96	<0.001	0.026	1.92 ± 0.93	<0.001	0.012	1.96 ± 0.10	<0.001	0.019
Lid margin abnormality (0–4)	control	2.75 ± 1.33	0.968	2.67 ± 1.27	0.317	0.026	2.70 ± 1.29	0.083	0.012	2.67 ± 1.24	0.157	0.019
MG expressibility (0–9)	IPL-MGX group	6.00 ± 3.29	0.733	3.88 ± 2.72	<0.001	0.026	3.73 ± 2.22	<0.001	0.040	4.12 ± 2.32	0.002	0.094
MG expressibility (0–9)	control	5.83 ± 3.12	0.733	5.71 ± 3.00	0.429	0.026	5.21 ± 2.89	0.001	0.040	5.25 ± 2.91	0.003	0.094
meibum quality (0–24)	IPL-MGX group	5.92 ± 7.16	0.360	13.26 ± 8.40	<0.001	0.003	15.35 ± 7.49	<0.001	<0.001	14.92 ± 6.25	<0.001	0.001
meibum quality (0–24)	control	6.88 ± 7.57	0.360	7.21 ± 7.73	0.114	0.003	7.54 ± 7.58	0.013	<0.001	7.63 ± 7.60	0.007	0.001

BCVA: best corrected visual acuity, OSDI: ocular surface disease index, TMH: tear meniscus height, NBUT: non-invasive break up time of tear film, SIT: Schirmer I test, MG: meibomian gland.