Table 4.
Cox regression analysis of AACS for the primary outcome (non-fatal CV events and all-cause death) in various subgroups.
| AACS | Events, n (%) | Unadjusted HR (95% CIs) |
p for Interaction | Adjusted HR (95% CIs) |
p for Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age < 60 years | 0 | 64 (6.2) | Reference | 0.495 | Reference | 0.859 |
| 1–2 | 20 (10.0) | 1.880 (1.115, 3.169) | 1.063 (0.570, 1.982) | |||
| 3–4 | 11 (14.3) | 2.336 (1.223, 4.461) | 0.909 (0.408, 2.023) | |||
| 5–6 | 2 (8.3) | 1.416 (0.345, 5.804) | 0.880 (0.203, 3.819) | |||
| ≥7 | 5 (21.7) | 3.334 (1.333, 8.336) | 0.875 (0.279, 2.741) | |||
| Age ≥ 60 years | 0 | 55 (17.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 | 34 (23.0) | 1.538 (0.997, 2.372) | 1.125 (0.672, 1.883) | |||
| 3–4 | 16 (17.8) | 1.070 (0.612, 1.869) | 0.828 (0.427, 1.604) | |||
| 5–6 | 20 (29.4) | 1.864 (1.105, 3.144) | 1.175 (0.637, 2.167) | |||
| ≥7 | 35 (35.4) | 2.554 (1.662, 3.926) | 2.038 (1.211, 3.428) | |||
| Male | 0 | 81 (10.2) | Reference | 0.067 | Reference | 0.206 |
| 1–2 | 39 (17.3) | 1.855 (1.250, 2.753) | 1.122 (0.702, 1.791) | |||
| 3–4 | 25 (22.5) | 2.400 (1.525, 3.775) | 1.202 (0.699, 2.067) | |||
| 5–6 | 18 (29.5) | 3.167 (1.869, 5.365) | 1.232 (0.665, 2.281) | |||
| ≥7 | 30 (37.0) | 4.320 (2.825, 6.608) | 2.024 (1.211, 3.383) | |||
| Female | 0 | 38 (6.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 | 15 (12.3) | 2.167 (1.181, 3.976) | 1.399 (0.678, 2.885) | |||
| 3–4 | 2 (3.6) | 0.427 (0.103, 1.776) | 0.386 (0.088, 1.699) | |||
| 5–6 | 4 (12.9) | 1.733 (0.616, 4.787) | 0.849 (0.230, 3.134) | |||
| ≥7 | 10 (24.4) | 3.450 (1.656, 7.186) | 1.930 (0.698, 5.335) | |||
| BMI < 23 kg/m2 | 0 | 40 (8.7) | Reference | 0.243 | Reference | 0.175 |
| 1–2 | 12 (11.4) | 1.330 (0.693, 2.553) | 0.525 (0.219, 1.262) | |||
| 3–4 | 10 (23.3) | 2.516 (1.249, 5.066) | 1.051 (0.399, 2.768) | |||
| 5–6 | 5 (23.8) | 2.431 (0.954, 6.192) | 0.698 (0.224, 2.176) | |||
| ≥7 | 8 (25.8) | 2.771 (1.231, 6.237) | 0.834 (0.292, 2.381) | |||
| BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 | 0 | 79 (8.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 | 42 (17.5) | 2.323 (1.578, 3.420) | 1.350 (0.859, 2.123) | |||
| 3–4 | 16 (13.1) | 1.473 (0.857, 2.530) | 0.758 (0.401, 1.434) | |||
| 5–6 | 17 (24.3) | 2.928 (1.703, 5.035) | 1.286 (0.677, 2.445) | |||
| ≥7 | 32 (35.2) | 4.670 (3.078, 7.084) | 2.647 (1.590, 4.404) | |||
| eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0 | 44 (5.8) | Reference | 0.022 | Reference | 0.206 |
| 1–2 | 24 (16.2) | 3.286 (1.924, 5.614) | 1.635 (0.812, 3.296) | |||
| 3–4 | 7 (13.0) | 2.124 (0.943, 4.785) | 1.226 (0.474, 3.170) | |||
| 5–6 | 3 (10.0) | 1.118 (0.269, 4.648) | 0.542 (0.115, 2.553) | |||
| ≥7 | 10 (35.7) | 7.180 (3.445, 14.963) | 2.772 (1.028, 7.475) | |||
| eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0 | 75 (12.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 | 30 (15.0) | 1.423 (0.931, 2.175) | 0.977 (0.601, 1.588) | |||
| 3–4 | 30 (17.7) | 1.565 (0.955, 2.564) | 0.720 (0.393, 1.320) | |||
| 5–6 | 19 (30.6) | 3.010 (1.818, 4.984) | 1.201 (0.634, 2.277) | |||
| ≥7 | 30 (31.9) | 3.190 (2.085, 4.880) | 1.504 (0.880, 2.571) | |||
| Spot urine ACR < 300 mg/gCr | 0 | 62 (9.6) | Reference | 0.131 | Reference | 0.305 |
| 1–2 | 20 (13.0) | 1.521 (0.911, 2.538) | 0.814 (0.417, 1.588) | |||
| 3–4 | 9 (12.9) | 1.280 (0.632, 2.589) | 0.695 (0.307, 1.575) | |||
| 5–6 | 6 (18.8) | 1.350 (0.541, 3.369) | 0.616 (0.218, 1.746) | |||
| ≥7 | 11 (26.2) | 2.771 (1.450, 5.297) | 1.280 (0.551, 2.972) | |||
| Spot urine ACR ≥ 300 mg/gCr | 0 | 55 (8.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 | 33 (17.6) | 2.433 (1.554, 3.811) | 1.586 (0.960, 2.619) | |||
| 3–4 | 16 (18.0) | 2.218 (1.264, 3.890) | 1.134 (0.585, 2.198) | |||
| 5–6 | 15 (26.8) | 4.011 (2.253, 7.141) | 1.725 (0.890, 3.342) | |||
| ≥7 | 29 (38.2) | 5.664 (3.567, 8.996) | 2.829 (1.596, 5.014) |
The model was adjusted for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, primary renal disease, current smoking status, medication (ACEi/ARBs, diuretics, number of anti-HTN drugs, statins), BMI, SBP, hemoglobin, albumin, fasting glucose, HDL-C, TG, 25(OH) vitamin D, hs-CRP, eGFR, spot urine ACR, LVEF, and categorized E/e’ at the baseline. Abbreviations: AACS, abdominal aortic calcification score; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; CI, confidence interval; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio.