Table 1.

Examples of the use of MSCs as carriers for drug and gene loading described in the literature [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50].

Loaded Drug/Expressed Transgene	Target Disease	Experimental Model	Therapeutic Effect	Study
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)	Glioma	Glioblastoma cells (C6)	Apoptosis of tumor cells	Tang X.J. et al. [31]
Galectin-1	Allergic Airway Disease (AAD)	Mouse model	Anti-inflammatory effect	Ge X. et al. [32]
Doxorubicin (DOX)	Colorectal cancer	Female BALB/c mice (4–6weeks), C26 and MCF7 cell lines	Significant tumor growth inhibition in comparison with free DOX	Bagheri E. et al. [33]
Gemcitabine	Pancreatic cancer	Human pancreatic carcinoma (pCa) cells	Growth inhibition of a human pCa cell line in vitro	Bonomi A. et al. [34]
Ptx-PLGA NPs	Glioma	Rat model	Tumor cell death, prolonged survival	Wang X. et al. [35]
Paclitaxel (PTX)	Melanoma lung metastasis	Syngeneic murine model	Inhibition of the formation of lung metastasis	Pessina A. et al. [36]
Paclitaxel (PTX)	Pancreatic cancer	Human pancreatic cell line CFPAC-1	Strong anti-proliferative effect	Pascucci L. et al. [37]
Interferon-β (IFN-β)	Ovarian cancer	Syngeneic mouse tumors (ID8-R) and human xenograft (OVCAR3, SKOV3) tumor models	Modulation of tumor kinetics resulting in prolonged survival	Dembinski J.L. et al. [38]
(C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1)	Light-induced retinal degeneration	Rat model	Neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects	Huang L. et al. [39]
Multineurotrophin MNTS1	Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)	Rat model	Promotion of cell growth and improvement of sensory function after SCI	Kumagai G. et al. [40]
GATA binding protein 4 (GATA-4)	Myocardial infarction	Cardiomyocytes	A significant increase the number of blood vessels, a decrease the proportion of apoptotic cells, and an increase the mean number of cardiac c-kit-positive cells	He J.G. et al. [41]
Interleukin (IL)-18	Breast cancer	Mouse model	Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, induction of a more pronounced and better therapeutic effect at tumor sites, especially in early tumors	Liu X. et al. [42]
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)	Glioma	Mouse model	Apoptosis of glioma cells and prolonged the survival	Wang Q. et al. [43]
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-induced cancer	Mouse model	Anti-tumor effect	Zheng X.B. et al. [44]
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)	Parkinson’s disease	Rat model	Localized neuroprotective effect	Hoban D.B. et al. [45]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene	Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury	Mouse model	Improvement of the lung histopathology; anti-inflammatory effects; reduction of pulmonary vascular permeability; improvement of endothelial barrier integrity, and normalization of lung eNOS	He H. et al. [46]
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene	Severe Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury	Rat model	Supression of the increase in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death in vitro; significant attenuating effects on severe neonatal HI-induced short-term brain injury scores, long-term progress of brain infarct, increased apoptotic cell death, astrogliosis and inflammatory responses, and impaired negative geotaxis and rotarod tests in vivo	Ahn S.Y. et al. [47]
Oxidation Resistance 1 (OXR1) gene	Immune-mediated nephritis	Mouse model	Protective effect on nephritis by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress	Li Y. et al. [48]
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)	Chronic Chagas disease	Mouse model	Immunomodulatory and proregenerative effects to the cardiac and skeletal muscles	Silva D. N. et al. [49]
Human tissue kallikrein (TK) gene	Cardiac injury	Rat model	Protect against cardiac injury, apoptosis and inflammation, and promote neovascularization to improve cardiac function	Gao L. et al. [50]