Table 2.
Surgical outcomes of single-port robotic surgery.
| Total | Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 123) | (n = 41) | (n = 54) | (n = 28) | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | p-Value | |
| Uterine mass size (cm), median (range) | 6.8 (0–26) | 5 (0.5–13.5) | 7.5 (0–22) | 9.75 (6–26) | <0.0001 * | ||||
| Operation time (min), median (range) | 131 (59–502) | 140 (73–274) | 130.5 (59–502) | 129 (83–208) | 0.6943 * | ||||
| Docking time (min), median (range) | 3 (1–10) | 3 (1–6) | 2 (1–10) | 3 (1–10) | 0.0242 * | ||||
| Console time (min), median (range) | 76 (29–465) | 77 (41–208) | 77 (29–465) | 74 (40–147) | 0.4023 * | ||||
| Adnexal surgery | 66 | 53.7 | 24 | 58.5 | 28 | 51.9 | 14 | 50 | 0.7357 † |
| EBL (mL) | 10 (5–500) | 20 (5–160) | 10 (5–480) | 5 (5–500) | 0.0007 * | ||||
| Uterus weight (g) | 180 (44–1230) | 200.5 (50–730) | 180 (44–1230) | 159 (45–580) | 0.2371 * | ||||
| NA = 8 | NA = 5 | NA = 3 | |||||||
| Postoperative hospital stay (days), median (range) | 4 (3–10) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–10) | 4 (3–7) | 0.7595 * | ||||
| Conversion | |||||||||
| Open laparotomy | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.6 | 0.2276 ‡ |
| Drain insertion | 9 | 7.3 | 7 | 17.1 | 1 | 1.9 | 1 | 3.6 | 0.0187 ‡ |
| Readmission | 5 | 4.1 | 1 | 2.4 | 3 | 5.6 | 1 | 3.6 | 0.8479 ‡ |
| Complications | |||||||||
| Immediate complication | |||||||||
| Abdominal pain | 3 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.3225 ‡ |
| Postoperative pain (NRS) | |||||||||
| Use of additional pain killer: NSAIDs, Opioids | 90 | 73.2 | 33 | 80.5 | 39 | 72.2 | 18 | 64.3 | 0.3216 † |
| PCA use on operation day | 11 | 8.9 | 8 | 19.5 | 3 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.0119 ‡ |
| PCA use after 24 h | 5 | 4.1 | 4 | 9.8 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 0.1188 ‡ |
| Pain killer not used | 28 | 22.8 | 4 | 9.8 | 14 | 25.9 | 10 | 35.7 | 0.0314 † |
| Delayed postoperative complication | 0.0296 ‡ | ||||||||
| Umbilical incisional hernias | 3 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vaginal cuff dehiscence | 2 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7.1 | |
* Kruskal—Wallis test, † Chi-squared test, ‡ Fisher’s exact test. Abbreviations: EBL, estimated blood loss; NRS, numerical rating scale; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia.