Table 3.

Available data of verbascoside activities in NAFLD-related pathologies.

Parameter	Model	Results	Ref.
Steatosis, Lipidemia	In vivo: HFD-fed rats	Reduction in body weight Ameliorated serum lipid profile	[76]
	56 obese/overweight (2 months)	Improvements in body weight, abdominal circumference, and % body fat	[77]
Glucose homeostasis	In vitro: mouse and human pancreatic β-cells	Increased viability, mitochondrial function, and insulin content of pancreatic β-cells	[78]
	In vivo: streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ–NA)-induced type 2 diabetic rats	Lower levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and increased serum insulin	[79]
Oxidative stress	In vitro: HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines	Improved DPPH, OH, and O2 scavenging activities	[80]
	In vivo: streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ–NA)-induced type 2 diabetic rats	Reduction in MDA levels and restored GSH in livers of diabetic rats	[79]
Inflammation	In vivo: high-fat-fed rats	Reduction in serum inflammatory markers	[76]
Fibrosis	In vitro: Du-145 and PC-3 cell lines	Reduction in α-SMA expression	[81]
	In vivo: renal-fibrosis-induced rats	Reduction in COL-I, α-SMA, and TIMP2 Decreased macrophage infiltration	[82]