TABLE 2.
Patient and cyst characteristics in comparison to the development cohort
| Validation cohort | Development cohort | Validation versus development | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA cohort | Italian cohort | Total | |||
| (n = 363) | (n = 469) | (N = 832) | (N = 875) | p value | |
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 68 (12.3) | 65 (10.6) | 66 (11.5) | 66 (11.2) | 0.193 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 137 (38) | 171 (37) | 308 (37) | 321 (37) | 0.886 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 76 (21) | 64 (14) | 140 (17) | 175 (20) | 0.006 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 28 (6.1) | 25 (4.1) | 26 (5.2) | 27 (4.9) | 0.001 |
| Smoking ever, n (%) | 167 (46) | 161 (34) | 328 (39) | 342 (39) | 0.563 |
| Alcohol consumption ever, n (%) | 161 (44) | 129 (28) | 290 (35) | 372 (43) | <0.001 |
| History of acute pancreatitis, n (%) | 35 (10) | 4 (1) | 39 (5) | 70 (8) | 0.004 |
| History of extrapancreatic malignancy, n (%) | 145 (40) | 119 (25) | 264 (32) | 291 (33) | 0.411 |
| Family history of PDAC, n (%) | 31 (9) | 27 (6) | 58 (7) | 90 (10) | 0.007 |
| Cyst characteristics | |||||
| Location dominant cyst, n (%) | |||||
| Head | 125 (34) | 184 (39) | 309 (37) | 381 (44) | 0.058 |
| Body | 116 (32.0) | 129 (28) | 245 (29) | 313 (36) | |
| Tail | 59 (16.3) | 44 (9) | 103 (12) | 178 (20) | |
| Missing | 63 (17.4) | 112 (24) | 175 (21) | 3 (0) | |
| Multifocality, n (%) | 104 (29) | 270 (58) | 374 (45) | 335 (38) | 0.005 |
| Largest initial size, mean (SD), mm | 13 (10.1) | 15 (6.1) | 14 (8.1) | 12 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Study endpoint | |||||
| Follow‐up, months, median (IQR) | 39 (42) | 41 (48) | 40 (44) | 47 (40) | 0.023 |
| Development of WF or HRS, n (%) | 90 (25) | 73 (16) | 163 (20) | 116 (13) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: HRS, high‐risk stigmata; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; SD, standard deviation; WF, worrisome feature.