Table 1.
Examples of plants extracts and their activity.
| Plant | Type of Extract | Activity against Bacteria | Literature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ginger (Zingiber officinale) | Ethanolic |
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis |
[7,8,9,10,11,12] |
| Dill (Anethum graveolens) | Ethanolic |
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli |
|
| Lovage (Levisticum officinale) | Ethanolic |
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus subtilis |
|
| Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) | Ethanolic |
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis |
|
| Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) | Oil |
Salmonella bruneii
Escherichia coli |
[10,13] |
| Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) | Aqueous, Ethanolic, Essential oil |
Bacillus subtilis
Staphylococcus ureus Micrococcus sp. Tetracoccus sp. Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Proteus vulgaris Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumonia Salmonella enteritidis |
[10,14,15] |
| Flowers of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) | Ethanolic |
Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae |
[16] |
| Flowers of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) |
Methanolic |
Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
[17] |
| Fruits of large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) | Methanolic |
Salmonella ser. Enteritidis
S. ser. Typhimurium Shigella sonnei Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumonia Enterobacter aerogenes Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus S. epidermidis Enterococcus faecalis Listeria monocytogenes Bacillus cereus |
[18] |
|
Adenanthera pavonina L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Annona squamosa L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Eupotorium odortum L. |
Ethanolic | Campylobacter jejuni | [19,20] |
| Grape seeds Green tea |
Aquo-alcoholic | C. jejuni | [21,22] |
| Sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana) Silver wormwood (Artemisia ludoviciana) Peppers (Capsicum annuum) Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) Mango (Mangifera indica) Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) |
Aquo-alcoholic |
C. jejuni
C. coli |
[12,23,24,25] |