Table 5.
Concentration of bee phenolic acids in extracts obtained from naturally infected cereal grains.
| Cereal Species | Cereal Cultivar | K.Ga | K.2.5-Hb | K.4-Hb | K.tC | K.Ka | K.Syr | K.pK | K.Chl | K.Pr | K.Sy | K.Fe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WINTER INOCULATED | Open pollinated rye | Agrokol | 2.1 ± 0.01 | 1.6 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 3.4 ± 0.03 | 8.0 ± 0.11 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 2.0 ± 0.02 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.6 ± 0.03 | 69.1 ± 0.74 |
| Wheat | Astoria | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 8.7 ± 0.09 | 0.8 ± 0.02 | 1.0 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 20.0 ± 0.32 | |
| Triticale | Borowik | 2.3 ± 0.02 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 5.6 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 26.1 ± 0.35 | |
| Hybrid rye | Doloro | 4.6 ± 0.03 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 7.4 ± 0.07 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 51.5 ± 0.62 | |
| Wheat | Ozon | 2.2 ± 0.02 | 1.9 ± 0.02 | 3.0 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.02 | 5.1 ± 0.06 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 2.8 ± 0.02 | 79.7 ± 0.87 | |
| Triticale | Palermo | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 16.8 ± 0.17 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 1.4 ± 0.02 | 45.2 ± 0.51 | |
| Open pollinated rye | Roztockie | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 6.4 ± 0.06 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 30.6 ± 0.39 | |
| Hybrid rye | S74n05 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 21.1 ± 0.19 | 3.0 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 13.3 ± 0.11 | 27.8 ± 0.38 | |
| Hybrid rye | Tur f1 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 19.7 ± 0.21 | 1.9 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 8.6 ± 0.07 | 17.4 ± 0.28 | |
| SPRING INOCULATED | Hulless oat | Amant | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 56.1 ± 0.43 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 32.5 ± 0.39 |
| Fodder barley | Argento | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 1.8 ± 0.02 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 52.1 ± 0.41 | 1.1 ± 0.02 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 40.1 ± 0.51 | |
| Hulled oat | Bingo | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 2.8 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 42.5 ± 0.38 | 3.9 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 12.0 ± 0.09 | 40.8 ± 0.59 | |
| Triticale | Dublet | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 3.1 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 30.4 ± 0.35 | 3.4 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 8.9 ± 0.07 | 61.7 ± 0.98 | |
| Wheat | Durum Smh 87 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 50.8 ± 0.42 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 8.0 ± 0.16 | |
| Fodder barley | Harris | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 12.5 ± 0.11 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 3.3 ± 0.02 | 21.2 ± 0.33 | |
| Malting barley | Irina | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 1.6 ± 0.02 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 1.8 ± 0.02 | 6.0 ± 0.05 | 1.4 ± 0.02 | 1.4 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 28.2 ± 0.36 | |
| Wheat | Kandela | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 2.0 ± 0.03 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 59.8 ± 0.51 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 1.3 ± 0.02 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 38.9 ± 0.45 | |
| Wheat | Milewo | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.01 | 21.2 ± 0.19 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 3.0 ± 0.03 | 30.9 ± 0.41 | |
| Triticale | Milkaro | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 13.3 ± 0.15 | 2.0 ± 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | 27.5 ± 0.39 | |
| Triticale | Nagano | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 1.6 ± 0.02 | 0.8 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 19.4 ± 0.14 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 27.5 ± 0.39 | |
| Hulled oat | Nawigator | 0.9 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.02 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 9.9 ± 0.12 | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 0.9 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 18.9 ± 0.30 | |
| Malting barley | Nokia | 0.6 ± 0.01 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 3.7 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 44.6 ± 0.36 | 5.3 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 17.0 ± 0.15 | 46.6 ± 0.48 | |
| Hulless oat | Siwek | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 3.9 ± 0.04 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 20.9 ± 0.18 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 4.9 ± 0.07 | 38.0 ± 0.49 | |
| Wheat | Torka | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 2.5 ± 0.03 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 17.2 ± 0.15 | 0.3 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | 2.6 ± 0.04 | 24.2 ± 0.27 | |
K.Ga—gallic acid; K.2.5-Hb—2.5 hydroxybenzoic acid; K.4-Hb—4-hydroxybenzoic acid; K.tC—t-cinnamic acid; K.Ka—caffeic acid; K.Syr—syrynic acid; K.pK—p-coumaric acid; K.Chl—chlorogenic acid; K.Pr—protocatechinic acid; K.Sy—synapic acid; K.Fe—ferulic acid.