In vivo tumor inhibition by various treatments. CT26-bearing BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, with eight animals in each group. The mice were treated with PBS (control), BSA (1.6 mg/kg), free PD-L1 aptamers (1.2 mg/kg), or BSA-Apt (with BSA of 1.6 mg/kg and aptamer of 1.2 mg/kg). The treatments were administrated by intraperitoneal injections every two days, for a total of six injections (arrows). (A) Tumor volume and (B) body weight were recorded and shown. Single star indicates statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the free aptamer and the control groups, and double stars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the free aptamer and the BSA-Apt groups.