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In vitro macrophage polarization in response to BC Sealer HiFlow and iRoot SP. The BMDMs were stimulated with BC Sealer HiFlow or Root SP in the presence or absence of LPS for 12 h. (a) The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 in BMDMs were analyzed by qPCR. (b) The fluorescence intensity of CD163, CD206 and CD86 on the surface of BMDMs was assessed by flow cytometry. * p ˂ 0.05, ** p ˂ 0.01, *** p ˂ 0.001.
