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. 2022 Feb 28;14(5):1033. doi: 10.3390/nu14051033

Table 2.

Inclusion criteria based on PICO algorithm.

Patient (P) Adults with normal cognition, MCI, or Alzheimer’s disease with an age > 45 yr. There were no restrictions on sex, ethnicity, or severity of the cognitive impairment at baseline.
Intervention (I) Vitamins as dietary supplements (A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, H, C, D, E, K). Co-interventions between vitamins were allowed.
Comparison (C) Standard of care, no intervention, placebo, another dosage regimen, or other intervention (including but not limited to vitamins).
Outcome (O)
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    Incidence of all-cause dementia or mild cognitive impairment;

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    Cognitive function measured by cognitive scales like MMSE, ADAS-Cog, WAIS-RC, TMT, MocA, ADL-Score, FAB-Score, or CDR.
Type of studies (S)
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    Both randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included;

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    Articles published in the last ten years (from 2011 to 2021) in Spanish, German, or English.

ADAS-Cog: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale. ADL: Activities of Daily Living, CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery, MCI: mild cognitive impairment, MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, RCT: randomized controlled trial, TMT: Trail Making Test, WAIS-RC: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in China, yr: years.