| AP-1 | Activator protein 1 |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenease-2 |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| IL-1β | Interleukin 1β |
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
| JAK-STAT | Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
| Mb-ME | Malus baccata methanol extract |
| MyD88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 |
| MMP9 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
| Na-CMC | Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose |
| PRR | Pattern recognition receptor |
| pp85 | Phospho-PI3 kinase p85 |
| RT-PCR | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
| Src | Non-receptor tyrosine kinase |
| Syk | Spleen tyrosine kinase |
| TLR | Toll-like receptors |
| TRIF | TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β |
| TIRAP | TIR domain containing adaptor protein |
| TRAM | TRIF-related adaptor molecule |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor α |
| TAK1 | Transforming growth factor beta-kinase 1 |