Table 8.

Main procedures from lignin depolymerisation along with main products obtained.

Depolymerisation	Procedures	Products	Refs
Non-reductive depolymerisation	Thermal, hydrothermal, oxidative, acid and base catalysed, solvolytic	Vanillin, syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, guaiacylacetone, p-hydroxylated phenol acetovanillone, syringol, guaiacol, phenol, catechol, alkylcatechols, creosol, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic, protocatechuic, syringic, homovanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, aliphatic carboxylic acids (succinic, acetic and formic acid)	[81,86]
Reductive depolymerisation	Hydroprocessing, liquid phase reforming	Cresol, xylenol, phenol with long alkyl chains, p-substituted methoxyphenols,	[86]