Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diabetes incidence according to the quintiles of the dietary pattern scores of participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank (n = 479,207) 1.
| Quintiles of Dietary Pattern Scores | p for Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (High) | ||
| Dietary Pattern-1 | ||||||
| Cases | 1635 | 3361 | 4820 | 5300 | 3561 | |
| Incidence rate (/1000 person/year) | 1.54 | 3.38 | 4.71 | 5.06 | 3.54 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 1.24 (1.11, 1.37) | 1.24 (1.12, 1.38) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.30) | 0.024 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.32) | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.22) | 0.363 |
| Dietary Pattern-2 | ||||||
| Cases | 4674 | 4312 | 3282 | 3159 | 3250 | |
| Incidence rate (/1000 person/year) | 4.56 | 4.10 | 3.20 | 3.10 | 3.21 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.12 (1.07, 1.17) | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23) | 1.22 (1.14, 1.32) | 1.50 (1.36, 1.64) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) | 1.12 (1.05, 1.19) | 1.18 (1.09, 1.27) | 1.44 (1.31, 1.59) | <0.001 |
1 Quintile 1 is the reference category based on Cox proportional regression models and stratified by year of birth (5 years in each category) and sites (10 region sites). Model 1: adjusted for gender, education attainment (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, or college/university), marital status (yes or no), and household income (<2500, 2500–4999, 5000–9999, 10,000–19,999, 20,000–34,999, or ≥35,000 CNY/year). Model 2: Model 1 + smoking status (never, occasional, former, or current), alcohol consumption (never regular drinkers, ex-regular drinkers, occasional drinkers, monthly drinkers, reduced drinkers, or weekly drinkers), physical activity (MET-h/day), total energy intake (kcal/day), and family history of diabetes (yes or no). Q: quintile; CNY: Chinese Yuan; MET: metabolic equivalent.