Table 3.

Characteristics of intervention setting and groups.

Ref.	Setting (Duration)	Exercise Group(s)		Control Group
[19]	Acute/ Inpatient (~2–3 wks)	Aerobic exercise training	Resistance exercise training	No exercise
		Mode: treadmill or stationary cycling	Mode: Isotonic weight machines
		Intensity: 70% of HRpeak	Intensity: 70% 1 RM
		Duration: 30 min	Duration: 5 sets of 10 repetitions
		Frequency: 5 d/wk	Frequency: 5 d/wk
		Other: Supplemental oxygen was titrated to keep SpO2 > 90% (if needed). Training was stopped if dyspnea ≥ 7 on Borg CR10 scale. Each session was individually supervised	Other: Upper- and lower-extremity exercises (specific exercises and number not defined). Each session was individually supervised
[20]	Hospital-based, outpatient gym (8 weeks)	Aerobic exercise training		Chest physiotherapy twice daily and provided verbal instruction on the benefits of physical activity
		Mode: Cycle ergometer
		Intensity: HR at ventilatory threshold (determined during exercise test)
		Duration: 20–40 min
		Frequency: 3 d/wk
		Other: HR monitor was worn during aerobic exercise. 10 min warmup on cycle. Each session was individually supervised
		Resistance exercise training
		Mode: Isotonic weight machines (bench press, shoulder press, leg extension, leg press, leg curl, abdominal crunch, low back extension, arm curl, elbow extension, seated row, and lateral pulldown)
		Intensity: Progressive, from 40 to 60% of 5 RM
		Duration: 3 circuits of 1 set of 12–15 repetitions of each exercise
		Frequency: 3 d/wk (following aerobic exercise session)
[21]	Hospital-based, outpatient gym (8 weeks)	Aerobic exercise		Chest physiotherapy twice daily, IMT at 10% of PImax, and provided instruction on the benefits of physical activity
		Mode: Cycle ergometer and “active playing” (i.e., running and soccer)
		Intensity: HR at ventilatory threshold (determined during exercise test)
		Duration: 20–40 min
		Frequency: 3 d/wk
		Other: HR monitor was worn during aerobic exercise. 10 min warmup on cycle. Each session was individually supervised
		Resistance exercise
		Mode: isotonic weight machine (leg press, pull down, leg extension, bench press, leg curl, seated row and abdominal crunch)
		Intensity: Progressive, beginning at 50% of 5 RM
		Duration: 3 circuits of 1 set of 12–15 repetitions of each exercise
		Frequency: 3 d/wk (following aerobic exercise)
		Inspiratory muscle training
		Mode: PowerBreathe threshold loading device
		Intensity: 40–50% of PImax.
		Duration: 30 breaths
		Frequency: twice daily, 6–7 d/wk
		Other: One IMT session was performed during the 3 d/wk supervised sessions; the remaining IMT sessions were performed independently at home
[18]	Home-based with tele-health follow-up every 2 weeks (3 months)	Aerobic exercise		Verbal instructions regarding aerobic exercise which are part of routine outpatient care
		Mode: Self-selected per recommendations (e.g., walking, jogging, swimming, dancing skipping rope)
		Intensity: No recommendations given
		Duration: ≥20 min
		Frequency: at least 2 d/wk
		Other: Written manual of aerobic and stretching exercises provided

Abbreviations: HR = heart rate; HRpeak = peak HR; SpO₂ = pulse oximetry saturation; Borg CR10 = Borg category ratio 10 scale; 1 RM = 1 repetition maximum; 5 RM = 5 repetition maximum; PImax = maximal inspiratory pressure; IMT = inspiratory muscle training.