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. 2022 Feb 10;6(3):297–306. doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01652-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — Points displayed in white areas represent regions where the direction of changes was the same over the longer versus shorter periods of time. Points displayed in grey areas represent regions where the direction of changes was different over the longer versus shorter periods of time. Based on Supplementary Fig. 1. Please note: Norway and Russia were the only regions that showed significant differences between Ellenberg and Niinemets indicators, most strongly for the slow succession indicator. Based on Supplementary Fig. 1.