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. 2022 Mar 10;12:3893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07438-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The psychophysical experiments. The boxes in images A and B (Fig. 5) were excised to create two motion-illusion-like designs (ring-shaped designs inserted into the figure), followed by psychophysical experiments using five subjects. Each psychometric curve was fitted with the cumulative Gaussian function using the least-squares method. The probability of seeing counterclockwise (CCW) rotation was plotted against the rotational velocity. The Red and blue charts for each subject correspond to the original image and its left–right reversed version. The dots and the curves in the graph represent the raw probability data and best-fit curve for the stimulus, respectively. In the case of the design from image A, the subjects showed a high probability of answering that it was rotating CCW, whereas for image B, subjects showed a high probability of answering that it was rotating CW.