Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.
| All patients | Intervention group | Control group | p-value of test of difference-in-differencesb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N of cases with available data (intervention group control group) | N = 6576 | Phase 1, N = 1587 | Phase 2, N = 939 | Phase 1,N = 2595 | Phase 2, N = 1455 | ||
| Age | 2525/2526, 4050/4050 | 70 [59, 77] | 70 [59, 77] | 71 [60, 78] | 70 [59, 77] | 70 [58, 77] | 0.163 |
| Sex: male | 2526/2526, 4050/4050 | 4094 (62.3) | 1011 (63.7) | 579 (61.7) | 1600 (61.7) | 904 (62.1) | 0.487 |
| Origin of infection: community acquired | 2526/2526, 4049/4050 | 2976 (45.3) | 740 (46.6) | 493 (52.5) | 1078 (41.6) | 665 (45.7) | ≤ 0.001 |
| Nosocomial (ICU/IMC) | 1481 (22.5) | 415 (26.1) | 159 (16.9) | 580 (22.4) | 327 (22.5) | ||
| Nosocomial (general ward) | 2118 (32.2) | 432 (27.2) | 287 (30.6) | 936 (36.1) | 463 (31.8) | ||
| Location at onset of sepsis: ICU | 2526/2526, 4050/4050 | 3325 (50.6) | 915 (57.7) | 391 (41.6) | 1356 (52.3) | 663 (45.6) | ≤ 0.001 |
| Emergency room | 1042 (15.8) | 205 (12.9) | 182 (19.4) | 376 (14.5) | 279 (19.2) | ||
| Operating room | 696 (10.6) | 115 (7.2) | 93 (9.9) | 309 (11.9) | 179 (12.3) | ||
| General ward | 906 (13.8) | 189 (11.9) | 156 (16.6) | 356 (13.7) | 205 (14.1) | ||
| Emergency physician | 218 (3.3) | 27 (1.7) | 57 (6.1) | 71 (2.7) | 63 (4.3) | ||
| IMC | 389 (5.9) | 136 (8.6) | 60 (6.4) | 127 (4.9) | 66 (4.5) | ||
| Focus of infection: respiratory | 2524/2526, 4049/4050 | 2688 (40.9) | 648 (40.9) | 338 (36) | 1068 (41.2) | 634 (43.6) | 0.684 |
| Focus of infection: abdominal | 2524/2526, 4049/4050 | 2439 (37.1) | 568 (35.8) | 388 (41.3) | 973 (37.5) | 510 (35.1) | 0.079 |
| Focus of infection: urogenital | 2524/2526, 4049/4050 | 876 (13.3) | 216 (13.6) | 169 (18) | 314 (12.1) | 177 (12.2) | 0.763 |
| Focus of infection: bones/soft tissue/wound | 2524/2526, 4049/4050 | 724 (11) | 171 (10.8) | 85 (9.1) | 291 (11.2) | 177 (12.2) | 0.01 |
| Focus of infection: other/unknown | 2524/2526, 4049/4050 | 878 (13.4) | 232 (14.6) | 110 (11.7) | 343 (13.2) | 193 (13.3) | 0.143 |
| Vasopressor use within 12 h after first organ dysfunction | 2515/2526, 4049/4050 | 4930 (75.1) | 1231 (78.1) | 668 (71.1) | 1950 (75.1) | 1081 (74.3) | 0.08 |
| SAPS-IIa | 2155/2526, 3674/4050 | 48 [38, 60] | 46 [36, 59] | 47 [37, 56] | 50 [39, 62] | 47 [38, 58] | 0.057 |
| Lactate mmol/la | 2422/2526, 3928/4050 | 2.6 [1.6, 4.8] | 2.4 [1.56, 4.3] | 2.52 [1.58, 4.62] | 2.8 [1.6, 5.2] | 2.6 [1.5, 4.77] | 0.014 |
| Platelet counta | 2511/2526, 4028/4050 | 191 [120, 288] | 186 [118, 279.5] | 188 [121, 293.25] | 192 [119, 288] | 196 [124, 292] | 0.974 |
| Base excessa | 2441/2526, 3923/4050 | −3.5 [−7.8, 2.3] | −2.2 [−6, 3.3] | −2.9 [−7.4, 2.6] | −4 [−8.3, 1.6] | −4.4 [−8.3, 1.4] | 0.637 |
Descriptive statistics given as median [1st quartile, 3rd quartile] or N (%). All 40 hospitals included in the analyses. Data on phase 1 have been previously published16.
ICU intensive care unit, IMC intermediate care unit.
aAssessed as maximum value during the first 24 h after first infection-related organ dysfunction.
bTest of differences between groups regarding the change from phase 1 to phase 2. P-value obtained by testing the interaction effect between group and phase in a hierarchical generalized linear model with a random slope. For continuous variables a linear link-function was used, for dichotomous variables a logit-link was used, for categorical variables a multinomial model with a logit-link was used.