Table 2.

The extracted parameters from the measured plant stem samples using different optimization techniques.

Parameters	$\alpha$	$\beta$	$\gamma$	$\zeta$	$\lambda$	$R_{\infty }$	$R_o$	$R_1$	$R_2$	$R_3$	$R_4$	$C_{\alpha }$	$C_{\beta }$	$C_{\gamma }$	$C_{\zeta }$	$C_{\lambda }$
Models
Cole
Marjoram “5 cm”	0.6647	–	–	–	–	5.6834 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	202.28 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	–	–	4.2952 (nF)	–	–	–	–
Marjoram “10 cm”	0.73	–	–	–	–	4.9567 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	558.89 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	–	–	1.1493 (nF)	–	–	–	–
Salvia “5 cm”	0.7035	–	–	–	–	23.987 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	441.99 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	–	–	2.7149 (nF)	–	–	–	–
Salvia “10 cm”	0.7159	–	–	–	–	25.565 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	991.37 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	–	–	1.4455 (nF)	–	–	–	–
Lavandula “5 cm”	0.5016	–	–	–	–	9.4741 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	384.92 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	–	–	65.825 (nF)	–	–	–	–
Lavandula “10 cm”	0.5562	–	–	–	–	2.1391 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	604.51 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	–	–	12.135 (nF)	–	–	–	–
Double Cole
Marjoram “5 cm”	1	0.6828	-	-	-	8.6531 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	31.628 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	194.2 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	67.17 (nF)	3.6101 (nF)	-	-	-
Marjoram “10 cm”	1	0.7156	–	–	–	0	–	38.239 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	523 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	1.6952 (nF)	1.3449 (nF)	–	–	–
Salvia “5 cm”	0.5117	0.7908	–	–	–	0	–	143.71 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	316.41 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	27.943 (nF)	1.819 (nF)	–	–	–
Salvia “10 cm”	0.8128	0.5932	–	–	–	0	–	757.92 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	213.18 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	0.8319 (nF)	8.0292 (nF)	–	–	–
Lavandula “5 cm”	1	0.3935	–	–	–	0	–	23.009 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	551.16 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	5.9543 (nF)	199.55 (nF)	–	–	–
Lavandula “10 cm”	0.5271	1	–	–	–	0	–	585.57 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	9.7282 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	–	24.989 (nF)	0.4826 (nF)	–	–	–
Double-shell
Marjoram “5 cm”	0.5649	0.9855	–	–	–	–	–	284.85 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	239.4 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	–	15.354 (nF)	0.9762 (nF)	–	–	–
Marjoram “10 cm”	0.7813	0.7044	–	–	–	–	–	1.6228 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	1.8514 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	94.061 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	7.9913 (nF)	1.5936 (nF)	–	–	–
Salvia “5 cm”	0.7524	0.6209	–	–	–	–	–	456.63 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	50.052 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	369.52 ($\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	1.5692 (nF)	7.9199 (nF)	–	–	–
Salvia “10 cm”	0.8041	0.6305	–	–	–	–	–	966.94 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	120.13 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	7.4007 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	–	0.6215 (nF)	6.2827 (nF)	–	–	–
Lavandula “5 cm”	0.3885	1	–	–	–	–	–	666.78 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	35.951 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	–	214.87 (nF)	5.2109 (nF)	–	–	–
Lavandula “10 cm”	0.5316	1	–	–	–	–	–	590.17 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	10.33 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	–	23.165 (nF)	0.5557 (nF)	–	–	–
Proposed Stem model
Marjoram “5 cm”	1	0.6132	1	0.5402	0.4903	-	33.796 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	1.379 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	9.2607 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	43.527 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0.7156 (nF)	7.7111 (nF)	0	41.614 (μF)	57.801 (nF)
Marjoram “10 cm”	0.7154	0.2225	1	0.0475	0.9561	-	2.0143 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	543.7 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	10.95 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	1.2829 (nF)	8.6658 (μF)	0.146 (nF)	31.372 (μF)	1.2404 (fF)
Salvia “5 cm”	0.6902	0.5903	0.8177	0.2834	1	–	460.62 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	1.0669 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	9.7919 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	284.34 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	10.663 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	1.9.99 (nF)	1.1963 (fF)	0.2533 (nF)	68.262 (μF)	5.9601 (fF)
Salvia “10 cm”	0.6129	0.8867	1	0.9857	0.7149	–	8.0791 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	2.3004 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	2.1541 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	3.4699 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	59.315 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	4.4953 (nF)	182.8 (nF)	0.3679 (nF)	82.203 (μF)	4.6292 (μF)
Lavandula “5 cm”	0.4788	0.1343	1	0.9360	1	–	48.259 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	84.606 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	536.39 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	39.186 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	59.305 (nF)	7.3663 (μF)	60.852 (fF)	8.863 (μF)	831.49 (nF)
Lavandula “10 cm”	1	0.4085	1	1	0.7986	–	66.724 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	2.0446 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	0	740.7 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	41.536 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	17.092 (fF)	63.123 (nF)	5.4559 (nF)	0	0.2967 (nF)
Proposed Simplified Stem model
Marjoram “5 cm”	1	1	0.6737	–	–	–	7.0902 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	252.81 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	930.25 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	6.1565 (μF)	2.5936 (nF)	3.9351 (nF)	–	–
Marjoram “10 cm”	0.7396	1	0.7146	–	–	–	97.745 ($\mathrm{\Omega }$)	938.9 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	24.342 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	39.234 (nF)	2.5913 (fF)	1.303 (nF)	–	–
Salvia “5 cm”	0.0883	1	0.6405	–	–	–	4.1162 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	134.14 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	2.8018 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	1.9577 (μF)	0.3668 (nF)	4.0499 (nF)	–	–
Salvia “10 cm”	0.714	1	1	–	–	–	35.391 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	162.47 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	953.3 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	1.1235 (nF)	35.002 (nF)	34.057 (fF)	–	–
Lavandula “5 cm”	1	1	0.4486	–	–	–	8.2413 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	434.87 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	641.19 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	8.3765 (nF)	54.624 (fF)	92.939 (nF)	–	–
Lavandula “10 cm”	1	0.1297	0.5844	–	–	–	596.96 ($\mathrm{\Omega }$)	1.9615 (M$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	532.04 (K$\mathrm{\Omega }$)	-	-	22.461 (fF)	7.4162 (μF)	7.9638 (nF)	–	–