Table 1.
List of the macroparasite species grouped taxonomically found in cichlid fishes from the Nicaraguan lakes.
| Parasite | S | T | Si | L | Midas cichlids | Other-cichlids |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trematoda (12) | ||||||
| Ascocotyle pindoramensis | L | Ec | Gills | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Austrodiplostomum compactum | L | Ec | Eye | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Crassicutis cichlasomae | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cryptogonomidae gen. sp. | L | Ec | Gills | I | – | ✓ |
| Ithyoclinostomum yamagutii | L | En | Body cavity | I | – | ✓ |
| Heterophyidae gen. sp. | L | En | Body cavity | I | – | ✓ |
| Oligogonotylus manteri | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Posthodiplostomum sp. 1 | L | En | Body cavity | I | – | ✓ |
| Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 | L | En | Muscle | I | – | ✓ |
| Saccocoelioides orosiensis | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Saccocoelioides cf. lamothei | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Strigeidae gen sp. | L | En | Body cavity | I | – | ✓ |
| Nematoda (8) | ||||||
| Contracaecum sp. 1 | L | En | Body cavity | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Contracaecum sp. 2 | L | En | Body cavity | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Contracaecum sp. 3 | L | En | Body cavity | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Goezia sp. | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | – |
| Hysterothylacium sp. | L | En | Body cavity | I | – | ✓ |
| Physocephalus sp. | L | En | Body cavity | I | – | ✓ |
| Procamallanus barlowi | A/L | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Rhabdochona sp. | L | En | Gut | I | ✓ | – |
| Monogenea (5) | ||||||
| Sciadicleithrum mexicanum | A | Ec | Gills | D | ✓ | ✓ |
| Sciadicleithrum nicaraguense | A | Ec | Gills | D | – | ✓ |
| Sciadicleithrum sp. 1 | A | Ec | Gills | D | – | ✓ |
| Sciadicleithrum sp. 2 | A | Ec | Gills | D | – | ✓ |
| Cichlidogyrus sclerosus* | A | Ec | Gills | D | – | ✓ |
| Acanthocephala (2) | ||||||
| Polymorphus brevis | L | En | Body cavity | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Neoechinorhynchus costarricense | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cestoda (2) | ||||||
| Cichlidocestus janikae | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Schyzocotyle acheilognathi* | A | En | Gut | I | ✓ | ✓ |
| Hirudinea (1) | ||||||
| Myzobdella sp. | A | Ec | Skin | D | – | ✓ |
| Copepoda (5) | ||||||
| Acusicola margulisae | A | Ec | Gills | D | ✓ | ✓ |
| Acusicola sp. | A | Ec | Gills | D | ✓ | – |
| Ergasilidae gen. sp. | A | Ec | Gills | D | ✓ | ✓ |
| Lernaea cyprinacea* | A | Ec | Skin | D | – | ✓ |
| Lernaeidae gen. sp.* | A | Ec | gIlls | D | ✓ | ✓ |
| Branchiura (1) | ||||||
| Argulus sp. | A | Ec | Skin/mouth | D | ✓ | – |
| Acariformes (1) | ||||||
| Oribatida gen. sp. | A | En | Body cavity | ? | – | ✓ |
S stage: adult A, larvae L, T type of parasite: Ectoparasite Ec, Endoparasite En, Si site of infection, L life cycle: direct D, indirect I, unknown ?
*Denotes invasive species.