Table 3.
Association of accelerometry quantified enacted mobility with facilitators and barriers–physical function, cognitive function, psychosocial factors, and external environment
| Category | Laboratory assessment | Accelerometry | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | Moderate-vigorous intensity | Gait quality | ||
| a. Physical function | ||||
| Gait | Walk speed |
a (33),a (34), b (36), b (40), |
a (35), a (36), a (34), b (40) |
a (37), a (38) a (39) |
| Walking Endurance | Aerobic capacity (VO2max) | a (33), b (41) | b (41) | |
| 400 m walk Test | a (38) | a (38), a (39) | ||
| 5 Minute walk test | a (35) | |||
| 6 Minute walk test | a (55) | |||
| 10 Minute walk test | a (42) | a (42) | ||
| Walking effort | a (41) | a (41) | ||
| Balance | One leg standing | a (42) | a (35) | a (37) |
| Balance and mobility Scale | a (45) | a (44) | ||
| Transfers | Five Times Sit to Stand Test | a (55) | ||
| Fall history | Faller/non-faller | a (47), a (48), | a (47), a (48) | a (37), a (46) |
| a (49), b (37) | ||||
| Combined function assessments | a (50), a (52), | |||
| Performance-based | Short physical performance battery | a (33), a (50), a (51) | a (53) | a (38)c |
| Timed up and go | a (54), a (42), a (34), a (45), b (56) | a (35), a (54), a (55), a (34) | a (37) | |
| Self-reported | 10 item physical function | a (57) | ||
| Physical functioning interview | a (43) | |||
| b. Cognitive function | ||||
| Executive function | Trail making test | a (34) | ||
| Digital symbol code | a (62) | |||
| n-back (1 and 2 back) | a (62) | |||
| Task switching paradigm | a (62) | |||
| Erickson Flanker task | a (62) | |||
| Planning ability | HOTAP.A | a (34) | ||
| Visuospatial attention | Attention window test | a (34) | ||
| Spatial memory | Grid span test | b (45) | a (34) | |
| Literacy/IQ | National adult reading test | b (45) | b (56) | |
| Episodic memory | Hopkins verbal Learning test | a (62) | ||
| c. Psychosocial factors | ||||
| Psychological | ||||
| Depression | Geriatric depression scale | a (34) | a (34), a (64) | |
| Negative affect | Momentary negative affect | a (65) | ||
| Anxiety | State-trait anxiety inventory | a (45) | ||
| Confidence and attitudes | ||||
| Walking confidence | Gait Efficacy Scale | a (34) | a (34), a (68) | |
| Balance confidence | Activities-specific Balance Confidence | a (34) | a (34) | |
| Fear of falling | Fall Efficacy Scale | a (45), a (48) | a (48), a (40) | |
| Attitude toward walking | Walking-like scale | a (68) | ||
| Physical activity intentions | a (69) | a (69) | ||
| Social network | Lubben Scale | a (64) | ||
| People in network | a (45) | |||
| Ageism | Ageism survey scale | a (34) | a (34) | |
| Personality | Personality test | a (34) | a (34) | |
| d. Environmental factors | ||||
| Weather |
Temperature Rain |
b (34) a (69) |
a (70), o (34) a (69), a (70) |
|
| Neighborhood | Walkability | a (51) | a (53)* | |
| NEWS-SNQL | a (68) | |||
| Satisfaction survey | a (72), a (68) | |||
| PENFOM | b (51) | a (64) | ||
| Facilities | a (64) | |||
HOTAP attention and planning assessment scale, NEWS-SNQL neighborhood quality of life survey, PENFOM perceived environmental facilitators for outdoor mobility
*Mediating effect of high income, high walkable neighborhood in association between physical functioning and activity
aAssociation in expected direction
bNo association found
cAssociation found for acceleration range but not cadence