Figure 5.

Bronchoalveolar lavage IgA responses in hamsters vaccinated intramuscularly or orally. Bronchoalveolar lavage IgA titers of hamsters unvaccinated (naïve) or vaccinated intramuscularly (left) or orally (right) with different formulations. Wild-type spike (Swt), stabilized S as in Figure 1 (Sst) and the same in which the cytoplasmic tail was modified (SmodCT) were used to pseudotype eVLPs including or not SARS-CoV-2 M proteins and Giardia VSPs. Values represent the mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant; Mann Whitney test comparing hamsters immunized with eVLPs pseudotyped or not with Giardia VSPs (n=7 to 10).