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Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 entry induced in hamsters vaccinated intramuscularly or orally. Neutralizing antibody titers of intramuscularly (left) and orally (right) vaccinated animals with selected eVLP formulations and control animals (naïve). Values represent the mean ± s.e.m. ***p < 0.001. Mann Whitney test comparing hamsters immunized with eVLPs pseudotyped or not with Giardia VSPs (n = 10).
