Table 5.

Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*)¹ and shear force values (kg/cm²) for chicken skin treated with ethanol alone and ethanol/US.²

Treatments	Ethanol (%)	L*	a*	b*	Shear force (kg/cm3)
Control		83.77 ± 0.373	4.28 ± 0.49a	13.35 ± 1.30d	0.33 ± 2.83c
Without US	30	84.98 ± 0.71	3.65 ± 0.30b,c	14.84 ± 1.19a	0.33 ± 4.72c
	50	84.39 ± 0.92	2.27 ± 0.80b,c	16.55 ± 0.30b,c	0.39 ± 4.79a–c
	70	84.86 ± 0.73	2.78 ± 0.08b	16.15 ± 0.58b,c	0.43 ± 1.74a
With US2	0	84.21 ± 1.38	3.97 ± 0.69a	14.19 ± 0.55c,d	0.33 ± 2.64c
	30	84.65 ± 0.34	3.28 ± 0.18b	14.47 ± 0.64c,d	0.34 ± 3.40b,c
	50	84.00 ± 0.93	2.07 ± 0.62b,c	16.25 ± 0.60b	0.37 ± 1.11b,c
	70	84.19 ± 1.03	2.09 ± 0.70c	16.91 ± 0.47a	0.40 ± 2.19a

The means and standard deviations were calculated based on 10 replicates (color) and 10 replicates (texture).

^a–dMean values within the same column with no common superscripts were different (P < 0.05).

¹Color are L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness).

²US: ultrasound treatment (frequencies of 37 kHz, 380 W, 5 min).

³No significance; means value within a same column are no different (P > 0.05).