Table 4.

Different Methodologies for assessing flood vulnerability.

Type of Vulnerability	Methodology	References
Social Vulnerability	Indicator based approach, Weighted Sum Approach (WSA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and an Integrated Approach (IA), Interdependency analysis, indicator methodology, decision-making trial, method, Composite indicators approach, GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach Indicator based techniques using face to face interview, Analytic Hierarchy Process, A spatial vulnerability mapping approach, Indicator-based methodology incorporating Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI), Indicator based method, Spatiotemporal Analysis, Indicator-Based Approach, Analytical hierarchy process, Indicator-based approach, and the Delphi method	(Singh and Pandey, 2021), (Hosseini et al., 2021) (Nazeer and Bork, 2021), (Hussain et al., 2021) (Pathak et al., 2020), (Hoque et al., 2019) (Mavhura et al., 2017), (Terti et al., 2015) (Eidsvig et al., 2014), (Zhang, 2009)
Physical vulnerability	Interdependency analysis, indicator methodology, decision-making trial method., Indicator based approach, morphometric parameters were derived from SRTM DEM data using (GIS), Weighted Sum Approach (WSA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and an Integrated Approach (IA), GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach, Geospatial Indicator-Based Approach and Participatory Analytical Hierarchy Process, Flood generating factors: slope, elevation, land use/land cover, drainage density, rainfall, and soil types were rated and collected to mark out flood vulnerability zones using (GIS), Regression and GIS conditioning factors include digital elevation model (DEM), Pearson's correlation, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity analyses	(Singh and Pandey, 2021), (Hosseini et al., 2021), (Nazeer and Bork, 2021), (Hussain et al., 2021), (Vignesh et al., 2021), (Usman Kaoje et al., 2021), (Desalegn and Mulu, 2021), (Usman Kaoje et al., 2021), (Sami et al., 2020), (D'Ayala et al., 2020), (Chuang et al., 2020), (Yin et al., 2019), (Hoque et al., 2019), (Sahana and Sajjad, 2019), Hübl et al., 2016), (Al-Juaidi et al., 2018), (Hazarika et al., 2018), (Walliman et al., 2012) and, (Mehebub et al., 2015)
Environmental Vulnerability	Multicriteria evaluation in (GIS) to achieve the community-based assessment, The methodology is based on a mathematical index & The Flood Intensity Index, Digital map (to calculate mean elevation, slope, proximity to lagoon, sea, and drain length by area), Indicator-Based Approach, Analytical hierarchy process, Digital elevation model (DEM), indicator-based approach and Geospatial technique. 1:50,000 topographic map used. Six indices were included, And GIS data layers used	(Hazarika et al., 2018) (Dottori et al., 2016) (Codjoe and Afuduo, 2015) (Eidsvig et al., 2014) (Ma et al., 2007)
Economic vulnerability	Composite indicators approach, GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach, Flood generating factors: slope, elevation, land use/land cover, drainage density, rainfall, and soil types were rated and collected to mark out flood vulnerability zones using (GIS), Indicator-based approach, Numerical prediction, Gumbel Extreme Value Distribution Function, and information diffusion. Combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the Delphi method, Composite indicators approach	(Nazeer and Bork, 2021) (Hussain et al., 2021) (Desalegn and Mulu, 2021) (Zhang, 2009) (Nazeer and Bork, 2021)