Table 3.

Multivariable analysis of factors associated with the adoption of TraceTogether (ref: not using TraceTogether)

	Cohort 1 (Jul–Oct 2020)		Cohort 2 (Nov–Dec 2020)		Cohort 3 (Jan–Feb 2021)
Model variable	AOR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Factors from PCA
Perceived TraceTogether as useful and necessary	1.31 (1.13–1.52)	<0.001	1.22 (1.03–1.45)	0.024	1.38 (1.05–1.81)	0.019
Concerns about personal data collected by TraceTogether	0.69 (0.61–0.77)	<0.001	0.73 (0.64–0.84)	<0.001	0.74 (0.59–0.93)	0.009
Ease of use	1.77 (1.57–2.01)	<0.001	2.51 (2.14–2.95)	<0.001	–
Liberal individualism	0.87 (0.78–0.98)	0.019	–		0.86 (0.69–1.08)	0.205
Individual variablesa
I think people who are important to me (i.e. family members, spouse, friends) would recommend the use of the TraceTogether app/token [Q10].	1.31 (1.13–1.51)	<0.001	1.41 (1.18–1.68)	<0.001	1.37 (1.03–1.81)	0.030
I think the TraceTogether app/token is currently used by a lot of people [Q11].	1.67 (1.48–1.90)	<0.001	1.55 (1.33–1.81)	<0.001	1.70 (1.29–2.25)	<0.001
It is not my concern if those I have been in contact with fall ill or die from COVID–19 [Q23].	0.87 (0.78–0.97)	0.009	–		–
I would use the TraceTogether app/token only if it benefits me [Q19].	–		0.85 (0.76–0.94)	0.002	–
I need someone (e.g. a family member) to teach me/show me how to use the TraceTogether app/token [Q8].	–		–		0.56 (0.44–0.69)	<0.001
I think TraceTogether app/token is/will be easy to use [Q9].	–		–		1.84 (1.15–2.94)	0.011
Demographicsb
>50 years of age	–		1.89 (1.42–2.52)	<0.001	2.39 (1.49–3.85)	<0.001
Employed	–				–
Tertiary educated	1.47 (1.16–1.86)	0.002	–		–

Significance is p < 0.05 for bolded values.

^aRefer to Supplementary Table S1 for the Likert scale questions.

^bAll demographic variables are binary.