Table 1.
Confirmatory factor analyses of the STDS and MGCFA fit indexes for gender and age
| Goodness-of-fit indexes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2 (df) | χ2/df | RMSEA (90% IC) | SRMR | Δ SRMR | TLI | CFI | Δ CFI | |
| Three-factor model | 833.1(73) | 11.412 | .079 (.074-.084) | .054 | - | .985 | .988 | - |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male (n = 452) | 130.206 (73) | 1.784 | .042 (.03—.054) | .054 | - | .986 | .989 | - |
| Female (n = 1.197) | 257.876 (73) | 3.533 | .046 (.04—.053) | .048 | - | .981 | .985 | - |
| Unconstrained model | 388.082 (146) | 2.658 | .045 (.04—.051) | .047 | - | .983 | .986 | - |
| Metric invariance | 402.393 (158) | 2.547 | .044 (.038—.049) | .047 | .000 | .984 | .986 | .000 |
| Scalar invariance | 409.682 (169) | 2.424 | .042 (.037—.047) | .048 | .001 | .985 | .986 | .000 |
| Residual invariance | 421.091 (183) | 2.301 | .040 (.035—.045) | .048 | .000 | .986 | .986 | .000 |
| Age | ||||||||
| Young adults (n = 479) | 137.11 (73) | 1.878 | .043 (.032—.054) | .054 | - | .978 | .982 | - |
| Middle-aged adults (n = 1.003) | 221.965 (73) | 3.041 | .045 (.039—.052) | .049 | - | .983 | .986 | - |
| Older adults (n = 157) | 55.796 (73) | .764 | .000 (.000—.013) | .067 | - | 1.012 | 1.000 | - |
| Unconstrained model | 414.872 (219) | 1.894 | .041 (.035—.047) | .049 | - | .985 | .988 | - |
| Metric invariance | 48.03 (243) | 1.975 | .043 (.037—.048) | .052 | .003 | .984 | .985 | .003 |
| Scalar invariance | 604.935 (265) | 2.283 | .049 (.044—.054) | .057 | .005 | .978 | .979 | .006 |
| Residual invariance | 718.846 (293) | 2.453 | .052 (.047—.057) | .065 | .008 | .975 | .974 | .005 |
STDS Self-reported Text message Dependence Scale; MGCFA Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis; RMSEA Root-mean-square error of approximation; TLI Tucker-Lewis Index; SRMR Standardized root-mean-square residual; CFI Comparative fit index. Note: The fit criteria were considered as according to Cheung and Rensvold (2002): comparative fit index (CFI ≥ .95), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI ≥ .95), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA ≤ .08), standardized root means square residual (SRMR ≤ .05) and the ratio between the chi-square/degrees of freedom value (χ2/df), with the ideal values being between 2 and 3