Table 4.
Upper tertile (n = 571) | Middle tertile (n = 544) |
Lower tertile (n = 527) |
Test | Effect size | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | ηρ2 | |
Age | 33.6 | 11.3 | 37.6 | 12.8 | 45.2 | 13.8 | 116.6 | .12 |
N | % | N | % | N | % | χ2 | V | |
Gender | 21.17 | .11 | ||||||
Male | 128 | 22.4 | 141 | 25.9 | 182 | 34.5 | ||
Female | 443 | 77.6 | 403 | 74.1 | 345 | 65.5 | ||
Marital status | 42.68 | .16 | ||||||
In a relationship | 265 | 46.4 | 272 | 50.1 | 342 | 65.1 | ||
Single | 306 | 53.6 | 271 | 49.9 | 183 | 34.9 | ||
Educational level | 29.59 | .09 | ||||||
Up to High-School degree | 41 | 7.2 | 44 | 8.1 | 29 | 5.5 | ||
High-School degree + 1–4 years of study | 111 | 19.5 | 88 | 16.3 | 66 | 12.6 | ||
High-School degree + 5–7 years of study | 140 | 24.6 | 124 | 23.0 | 93 | 17.8 | ||
High-School degree + 8 or more years of study | 276 | 48.6 | 284 | 52.6 | 335 | 64.1 | ||
Occupation | 85.93 | .16 | ||||||
Studying only | 108 | 18.9 | 85 | 15.6 | 34 | 6.5 | ||
Studying and working | 181 | 31.7 | 130 | 23.9 | 95 | 18.0 | ||
Working only | 250 | 43.8 | 288 | 52.9 | 340 | 64.5 | ||
Not working, not studying | 32 | 5.6 | 41 | 7.5 | 58 | 11.0 |
STDS Self-reported Text message Dependence Scale; PTM Problematic Text Messaging; M Mean; SD standard deviation; ηρ2 Partial eta squared; V Cramers’V Test. Note: In all analyses, the significance level was less than .001