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. 2022 Feb 25;8:774623. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.774623

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Copyright © 2022 He, Liu, Liao, Liu, Lei, Wei, Ruan, Kunwar, Lu, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Summary figure of the schematic workflow of the current study. (A) Initial screening of angiogenic factors and cytokines. (B) ELISA verification in validation cohort and related statistical analysis. (C) Involvement of TIMP-1 in the hPASMCs mechanism. COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD-PH, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated pulmonary hypertension; CSE, Cigarette smoke exposure; ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; hPASMCs, Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells; TIMP-1, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1. This figure was created using BioRender.