Fig. 8.

Proposed mechanisms of butyrate formation from lactate in A. soehngenii L2-7. Thiolase (THL), β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BHBD), crotonase (CRO), NAD-independent d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-iLDH), electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), ferredoxin (Fd), butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BCD), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and Coenzyme A (CoA). Locus tags are in italics and are coloured based on log2 fold change of their expression during growth on lactate versus glucose.