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. 2022 Jan 17;45(2):436–443. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1688

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Association of kidney structure with age at onset of diabetes. A: GBM width. B: Mesangial fractional volume. C: Glomerular filtration surface density. D: Podocyte number density per glomerulus. E: Glomerular sclerosis percentage. F: Mean glomerular volume. Left column shows association of structural measure in youth-onset and adult-onset T2D with P values from generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, HbA_1c, BMI, and GFR. Right column shows correlation of residuals for each structural measure and age at onset of diabetes adjusted for age, sex, HbA_1c, BMI, and GFR. In panel E, models are based on cube root values because of positive skew of measure and are adjusted for embedding media in addition to other covariates.

Association of kidney structure with age at onset of diabetes. A: GBM width. B: Mesangial fractional volume. C: Glomerular filtration surface density. D: Podocyte number density per glomerulus. E: Glomerular sclerosis percentage. F: Mean glomerular volume. Left column shows association of structural measure in youth-onset and adult-onset T2D with P values from generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, HbA_1c, BMI, and GFR. Right column shows correlation of residuals for each structural measure and age at onset of diabetes adjusted for age, sex, HbA_1c, BMI, and GFR. In panel E, models are based on cube root values because of positive skew of measure and are adjusted for embedding media in addition to other covariates.