Table 2.

Structural differences of diabetic kidney injury in youth-onset versus adult-onset T2D after multivariable adjustments

	Youth-onset T2D (n = 52)*	Adult-onset T2D (n = 109)†	P	P ‡	P §
GBM width, mm	552 ± 128	490 ± 114	0.002	0.0001	0.002
Mesangial fractional volume	0.31 ± 0.10	0.27 ± 0.08	0.03	0.0002	0.001
Cortical interstitial fractional volumeǁ	0.17 ± 0.04	0.18 ± 0.05	0.53	0.39	0.40
Mean glomerular volume, × 106 μm3	2.77 ± 1.13	2.38 ± 0.90	0.03	0.08	0.07
Glomerular sclerosis, %ǁ¶	0.04 (0.00–0.11)	0.05 (0.00–0.17)	0.52	0.09	0.07
Glomerular surface density, μm2/μm3	0.09 ± 0.03	0.10 ± 0.04	0.08	0.003	0.008
Podocyte number density per glomerulus, 106 μm3	113 ± 79	148 ± 123	0.03	0.02	0.02
Total glomerular filtration surface area, 105 μm2	0.23 ± 0.10	0.23 ± 0.12	0.78	0.11	0.13

Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). P values are for univariate analyses and were determined using t tests.

^*Except n = 47 for glomerular sclerosis percentage; n = 46 for mean glomerular volume and total filtration surface area; n = 45 for cortical interstitial fractional volume.

^†Except n = 89 for glomerular sclerosis percentage; n = 92 for mean glomerular volume and total filtration surface area; n = 86 for cortical interstitial fractional volume.

^‡Adjusted for sex and age at biopsy.

^§Adjusted for sex, age at biopsy, HbA_1c, GFR, and BMI.

^ǁModels also adjusted for embedding media.

^¶Cube root transformation because of positive skew.