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. 2021 Dec 3;45(2):276–284. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1674

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© 2022 by the American Diabetes Association

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Weighted Kaplan-Meier plots and HRs illustrating the relationship between all-cause mortality and serum cobalamin (vitamin B12), supplement use, dietary intake from foods, and MMA levels. A: Serum vitamin B12. B: Vitamin B12 supplements. C: Vitamin B12 intake from foods. D: Circulating MMA. HR (95% CI) was estimated by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (n = 3,277). Model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking, BMI, hypertension, cancer, CVD, TC/HDL-C ratio, serum cobalamin (continuous, only for MMA in model 2), eGFR, HbA_1c, metformin, duration of diabetes, UACR, and diabetic complications (n = 2,935). Models for cobalamin supplements were further adjusted for cobalamin intake from foods (μg/day, continuous) and vice versa. *P value for trend across the tertiles of vitamin B12 or MMA. num, number; Ref, reference.