Figure 2.

The association of all-cause mortality with decreased sensitivity to cobalamin (vitamin B12) in patients with diabetes. A: HRs per doubling of MMA for all-cause mortality in B12 subgroups. P value for the interaction between vitamin B12 and MMA was estimated by the survey-weighted Wald test, with 0.007 and 0.025 for unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively. B: Scatter diagram of serum vitamin B12 and MMA among patients with diabetes. The correlation coefficient between serum vitamin B12 and MMA is r = −0.323 (P < 0.001). Dashed lines represent serum vitamin B12 400 pg/mL and MMA 250 nmol/L. Among adults with diabetes and MMA >250 nmol/L, 47.0% had serum vitamin B12 >400 pg/mL. C: All-cause mortality associated with the increase in both serum vitamin B12 and MMA. Both indicators were categorized into high vs. low levels and combined into four groups according to the prespecified cutoff values (MMA >250 nmol/L and cobalamin >400 pg/mL). All HRs (95% CI) were estimated by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. A multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, BMI, hypertension, cancer, CVD, TC/HDL-C ratio, eGFR, HbA_1c, metformin, duration of diabetes, UACR, and diabetic periphery complications. num, number.